Typhoid Fever Flashcards
What is another name for typhoid fever?
Enteric fever
What type of illness is typhoid fever?
Potentially fatal multisystemic illness
What are the classic presentations of typhoid fever?
- Fever
- Malaise
- Diffuse abdominal pain
- Constipation
What long-term effects can survivors of typhoid fever experience?
Long-term or permanent neuropsychiatric manifestations
How have improved living conditions impacted typhoid fever in industrialized countries?
Drastically reduced morbidity and mortality
In which regions does typhoid fever remain a public health problem?
- WHO African Region
- Eastern Mediterranean Region
- South-East Asia Region
- Western Pacific Region
As of 2019, how many people worldwide are estimated to be affected by typhoid fever?
9 million people
How many people die yearly from typhoid fever as of 2019?
110,000 people
What is the primary causative agent of typhoid fever?
Salmonella enterica serotype typhi
Which other Salmonella serotypes are associated with typhoid fever, albeit to a lesser extent?
- Salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi A
- Salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi B
- Salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi C
What family do Salmonella species belong to?
Enterobacteriaceae
True or False: Salmonella can produce a variety of gastrointestinal infections.
True
Fill in the blank: Typhoid fever is also known as _______.
enteric fever
What is the main causative organism of typhoid fever?
Salmonella typhi
Salmonella typhi is a human pathogen known for causing typhoid fever.
What type of bacteria is Salmonella?
Gram negative
Salmonella is classified as a Gram-negative bacterium.
What is the shape of Salmonella bacteria?
Rod shaped
Salmonella has a rod-like shape characteristic of many bacteria.
Is Salmonella facultative anaerobic or aerobic?
Facultative anaerobic
Salmonella can grow in both the presence and absence of oxygen.
What is a key feature of Salmonella’s cell structure?
Polysaccharide layer
This layer contributes to the encapsulation of the bacteria.
What type of metabolism does Salmonella utilize?
Respiratory fermentative metabolism
This type of metabolism allows Salmonella to produce ATP in different environments.
What does a positive reaction on Triple Sugar Iron Agar indicate?
Black precipitate when hydrogen sulfide is produced
This indicates the production of hydrogen sulfide by Salmonella.
What is the temperature range in which Salmonella can grow?
4°C - 36°C
This range allows Salmonella to survive in various environments.
How long has Salmonella typhi been recognized as a human pathogen?
Almost 1000 years
This indicates the long history of Salmonella typhi affecting human health.
What is the effect of boiling on Salmonella?
It is killed by boiling
Boiling water is an effective method to eliminate Salmonella.
