Types of Syndromes Flashcards
What is a syndrome?
when a pt has more than one type of seizure
What are the most effective ways to treat syndromes?
change in diet (ketogenic), medication, surgery
What is West’s Syndrome?
can begin as infantile spams. manifests as child suddenly bending forward and stiffening their arms and legs for 2 seconds. possible arching of the back as well
What is Lennox Gastaut Syndrome?
3 characteristics, eeg shows generalized slow spike and wave, pt has mental retardation, and intractable seizures of various types. age onset 2-7. 50% of people with LGS have neurological defects and in most there is deterioration of intelligence
What is Benign Rolandic Epilepsy Syndrome?
starts at ages 4-12 and seizures usually start at night so sleep is essential to capture on EEG. Spikes are seen at C3, C4, T3 and T4. children tend to grow out of them.
What is Landau- Kleffner Syndrome?
form of aphasia that starts between ages of 3-7. twice as common in males than females. patients usually lost ability to understand speech than ability to speak
What is Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy Syndrome?
runs in families starting at 12-13 years old, patients have brief sudden contractions most often in the morning hours. very common in kids that have just gone off to college.
What is startle syndrome or hyperexplasia?
genetically dominant disorder isolated to chromosome 5 which is not epilepsy. Pt will fall if you tap their shoulder. if you tap several times pt becomes habituated. Treated with klonopin.
What are some other categories?
febrile, withdrawl, and reflex/sensory epilepsy
What are some risk factors for seizures?
brain bleeds, serious brain injury, lack of oxygen to the brain, brain tumors, infections to the brain, strokes, cerebral palsy, mentally handicap, head trauma, family hx of seziures, end stage alzheimer’s, illegal drugs, sleep deprivation, hyperventilation, flashing lights
What is ohtahara syndrome?
rare type of epilepsy that begins in infancy. children with this syndrome experience seizures and have severe developmental delay. AEDs are needed to help manage.
What is Rasmussen’s syndrome?
slowly progressive neurologic deterioration and seizures in children. seizures are mostly partial motor seizures which can consist of tonic clonic stats epilepticus. age onset is 1-3 years old an starts with progressive weakness on one side.
What is F.I.R.E.S
begins with febrile illness, 24 to two weeks later seizures begin and become very frequent and worsen evolving to status. Very difficult to treat. Outcome is poor and patients end up with significant cognitive disabilities.
What is Rett syndrome?
progressive neurodevelopment disorder which is one of the most common causes of mental retardation in females. Patients appear normal between 6-18 months then slowly lose speech and purposeful hand use. Pt’s develop microcephaly, seizures, autism, ataxia, intermittent HV and stereotypic hand movements
Which syndrome is characterized by seizures occurring in the first 6 months of life, often accompanied by hypsarrhythmia on EEG?
Infantile spasms
What is dravet?
caused by defects called SCN1A which is the gene code for sodium which is essential for brain function. children with dravet have focal or gen seizures that progress to other seizure types as they get older
What is the seizure syndrome that features continuous seizures or a prolonged seizure lasting more than 30 minutes, often leading to medical emergencies?
status epilepticus
What is Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome?
genetically determined early onset encephalopathy with variable phenotype, can manifest as dystonia, spasticity, epileptic seizures, progressive microcephaly, and severe developmental delay
