Types of substance - topic 1 (pg 87-111) paper 1 & 2

Question 1

element

Answer 1

made from atoms

same number of protons and neutrons in the nuleus

Question 2

atom

Answer 2

smallest particle of an element that has chemical properties

Question 3

molecule

Answer 3

consists of two or more atoms chemically joined together

Question 4

most gases at room temperature exist as

Answer 4

molecules with two atoms

Question 5

compound

Answer 5

consists of two or more different elements chemically joined together

Question 6

ion

Answer 6

chemically charged particle formed after the loss or gain of electrons, metals and hydrogen lose, non-metals gain, positive or negative charge

Question 7

balanced equations must have

Answer 7

equal amounts of atoms in reactants and product (either side)

Question 8

solid symbols

Answer 8

show the physical state of each substance
solid (s)
liquid (l)
gas (g)
aqueous solution (aq) - dissolved in water

Question 9

how to show ion charge

Answer 9

using the superscript + or -

Question 10

oppositely charged ions in a solution may

Answer 10

join to form an insoluble solid (precipitate)

Question 11

in an ionic equation

Answer 11

substance shown by their formula

numbers of atoms is equal on both sidetotal charge is equal on both sides

Question 12

hazard

Answer 12

damage or harm someone or something

adverse health effects

Question 13

risk

Answer 13

chance that someone or something will be harmed if exposed to a hazard

Question 14

precaution

Answer 14

something to reduce the risk of harm from a solid

Question 15

an atom consists of a

Answer 15

nucleus containing protons and neutrons which is surrounded by electrons in shells

Question 16

atoms diameters, masses and electrical charges are expressed

Answer 16

relative values (standard form)

Question 17

mass number

Answer 17

total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus (big number)

Question 18

atomic number

Answer 18

the total number of protons in the nucleus (small number)

Question 19

isotopes

Answer 19

atoms of an element with:
same number of protons
different number of neutrons
-same atomic number, different mass number
same chemical properties due to same number of electrons

Question 20

Relative atomic mass

Answer 20

mean mass of the atoms of an element, relative to 1/12th the mass of a (^)12C atom

Question 21

the modern periodic table is from whos version, how

Answer 21

Mendeleev in 1869

in order of relative atomic masses

Question 22

group 6 elements

Answer 22

don’t react with water
all react with oxygen (except oxygen itself)
form compounds with hydrogen in the formula H2X
have 6 electrons in the outer shell

Question 23

group 7 elements

Answer 23

react with water
don’t react with oxygen
form compounds with hydrogen in the formula HX
7 electrons in the outer shell

Question 24

the modern periodic tables elements are arranged in order of

Answer 24

atomic number

Question 25

in the periodic table…

Answer 25

• horizontal rows are periods
• vertical rows are groups
• metals are on the left hand side and middle
• non-metals are on the right

Question 26

electronic configuration

Answer 26

arrangement of electrons in shells
shell 1 - 2 electrons max.
shell 2 - 8 electrons max.
shell 3 - 8 electrons max.

Question 27

period number equates to

Answer 27

number of occupied shells

Question 28

group number equates to

Answer 28

number of electrons in the outer shell (excluding group 0, which have full outer shells)

Question 29

a cation is

Answer 29

• a positively charged ion
• formed after the loss of one or more electrons
• group 1 atoms lose 1 electron to form a - charge
• group 2 atoms lose 2 electrons to form a 2+ charge

Question 30

an anion is

Answer 30

• a negatively charged ion
• formed after the gain of one or more electrons
• group 7 atoms gain 1 electron to form a + charge
• group 6 atoms gain 2 electrons to form a 2- charge

Question 31

positively charged ions formed from hydrogen or metal atoms take the

Answer 31

name of the element

Question 32

negatively charged ions formed from single non - metal atoms take the

Answer 32

name of the element but end in -ide