types of shock

Question 1

how to asses circulation ?

Answer 1

• imperfect method : blood pressure and cardiac output

Question 2

how to evaluate a shock - systhematic approach

Answer 2

• preload - enough/not enough
• afterload ? enough/not enough
• the heart ? it is ok?

Question 3

how can you define the sympathetic and parasympathetic system ?

Answer 3

S - fight and flight ( t 1- L 1)

PS - rest and digest , ( cranial - 3, 7, 9 , 10), Sacral 2- S 4

Question 4

receptori alpha si beta

Answer 4

alpha - constricts
beta - dilates
1 heart
2 lungs

Question 5

catecolamine receptors : alpha

Answer 5

alpha 1 : vasoconstrictie- cresterea TA sistolice si diastolice
bronhoconstrictie ( muschi netezi )
constrictia sfincterului gastrointenstinal si a vezicii
glicogenoliza
se gasesc in vase

alpha 2- fibre preganglionare - inhiba eliberarea de NA
- pot da scaderea TA , AV ( frrecventa cardiaca ) , inhiba insulina

Question 6

catecolamine receptors : beta

Answer 6

beta 1 - inotrop, cronotrop pozitiv ,creste debitul cardiac , creste secretia de renina si ADH, stimularea lipolizei
- se gasesc la inima

beta 2- bronhodilatation , vasodilatation ,dilatarea muschilor netezi. - se gasesc in vase

Question 7

dopamine receptors

Answer 7

• vasodilatatia organelor splahnice -increase renal blood flow
• dopamina stimuleaza receptorii ptr D , alpha 1, beta 1, beta 2

Question 8

vasopressin receptors

Answer 8

• exists on systemyc vessels-V 1 - vasoconstriction ( without pulmonary , thus they don’t increase pulmonary resistance )
  V2 - antidiuretic
  V3 - release of corticotropin

Question 9

angiotensin receptors

Answer 9

• vasoconstriction
• release of aldosteron
• vasopressin release
• decreases renal blood flow