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Rocks > Types of rocks > Flashcards

Types of rocks Flashcards

1
Q

Igneous rocks

A

A Igneous rock is a type of rock that is made through volcanic activity, whether it be on the surface, in the volcano, or under the surface

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2
Q

Magma

A

Magma is a hot liquid that lies under the surface or under the lithosphere

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3
Q

Lava

A

Lava is a hot liquid that comes out due to volcanic activity or cracks in the earth

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4
Q

Intrusive lava

A

When a volcano erupts not all of the lava reaches the surface and instead, gets trapped in chambers inside the chambers of the volcano, and some of the lava cools down in the volcano

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5
Q

Extrusive lava

A

When a volcano erupts, extrusive lava is the lava that emerges from the volcano, whether it lands on the surface of the earth or the outer layer of the volcano

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6
Q

Mineral

A

A naturally occurring inorganic solid made with a specific chemical mixture

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7
Q

Lithosphere

A

A solid and rigid layer of the earth crust and is made up of many different plates which are the tectonic plates

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8
Q

Asthenosphere

A

The Asthenosphere is the second layer under the crust, ranging from 50km to 100km thick, at the lower levels can be 400 to 500 degrees, not completely solid, but not liquid yet

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9
Q

Crystal

A

A clear transparent mineral that resembling ice that is formed underground due to great pressure and heat

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10
Q

Sedimentary Rocks

A

formed by sediments in the water, wind or ice. cemented together in layers over hundreds of years under pressure

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11
Q

Erosion

A

The wearing away of soils and rocks by natural elements, such as waves, rivers, ice or human activity

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12
Q

Floodplains

A

The flat, open land normally beside rivers where in floods, sediments are deposited

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13
Q

Glaciers

A

Large bodies of ice that move down slopes and push boulders

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14
Q

Moraines

A

Deposit left over by glaciers

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15
Q

Sandstones

A

A sedimentary rock that is made of many grains of sand cemented together by salts

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16
Q

Mudstone

A

A fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering

17
Q

Shale

A

A sedimentary rock formed in layers near clay

18
Q

Siltstone

A

A sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone

19
Q

Conglomerate

A

A sediment rock containing large particles of other rocks cemented together

20
Q

limestone

A

A sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms consisting mostly of calcium

21
Q

Coal

A

A sediment consisting of dead plant and animals that were buried before they where completely decomposed

22
Q

Rock Salt

A

Sedimentary rock that is formed when a lake dries up

23
Q

Mineral Ore

A

rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

24
Q

Mining

A

extraction of natural resources from the Earth

25
Q

(EIS) the environmental impact statement

A

study of the possible effects of a planned project on the environment

26
Q

rehabilitated

A

restored to its previous condition

27
Q

overburden

A

waste rock removed from below the topsoil. This rock is replaced when the area is restored.

28
Q

Open cut mining

A

mining that scours out soil and rocks on the surface of the land

29
Q

Underground mining

A

mining that uses shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface

30
Q

Stone age

A

The time beginning about two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone

31
Q

Alloy

A

A mixture of a metal with a non-metal or another metal

32
Q

Flint

A

A fine-grained sedimentary rock which leaves a very sharp edge when broken

33
Q

Percussion flaking

A

A process in which tool stones such as flint or obsidian were struck with harder stones, such as quartzite, to shear large flakes that could be used to make small tools

Rocks (1 decks)

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