types of rocks

Question 1

What are the 3 main types of rock?

Answer 1

metamorphic, sedimentary, igneous

Question 2

How are intrusive igneous rocks formed

Answer 2

slow cooling of molten rock under Earths surface.

Question 3

How are extrusive igneous rocks formed?

Answer 3

fast cooling of molten rock aboveground a volcanic eruption

Question 4

What is the crust?

Answer 4

A layer of solid rock

Question 5

What is the mantle?

Answer 5

Made of solid and partially melted rock, thickest of four layers.

Question 6

What is the outer core?

Answer 6

A liquid mixture of liquid iron and nickel

Question 7

What is the inner core?

Answer 7

A solid mixture of iron and nickel at an extreme temperature.

Question 8

Where do fossils form?

Answer 8

sedimentary rocks

Question 9

Relative Dating

Answer 9

the scientific way of finding out whether one rock layer is older than another.

Question 10

How can you tell if earthquakes younger than sedimentary rock layers?

Answer 10

if the layers are damaged then the earthquake is younger than the sequence of rocks.

Question 11

How are igneous rocks made?

Answer 11

when molten rock cools

Question 12

how are metamorphic rocks made

Answer 12

when rocks are subjective to high heat and pressure

Question 13

define erosion

Answer 13

process by which rocks and mineral break apart while moving elsewhere.

Question 14

define weathering

Answer 14

breaks down rocks into smaller particles while straying in the same place.

Question 15

what is physical weathering

Answer 15

wind, temperature change, water, ice and salt crystallization

Question 16

what is chemical weathering

Answer 16

when chemicals from soil and air react with rocks breaking down

Question 17

what is biological weathering

Answer 17

living things like plant roots that grow through the cracks of rocks and destructing them.

Question 18

How can sediments be transported?

Answer 18

by wind, rivers and ocean currents.

Question 19

What happens to the transported sediments?

Answer 19

over millions of years they are deposited into bodies of water and form thick sequences of sediment.

Question 20

define minerals

Answer 20

a natural substance with crystal structure

Question 21

what is the Mohs Hardness Scale used for?

Answer 21

it is used to test the hardness of different minerals.

Question 22

define lustre

Answer 22

the way light interacts with the surface.

Question 23

what is a streak?

Answer 23

the color of the powder trail left behind the mineral

Question 24

where is a streak tested?

Answer 24

on a white ceramic plate

Question 25

define cleavage

Answer 25

flat surfaces on minerals that broke due to the atomic structure

Question 26

how does the temp. and pressure change as depth changed below Earths surface?

Answer 26

temperature increases. pressure decreases.

Question 27

what is a parent rock?

Answer 27

any rock before it changes under heat and pressure

Question 28

how do clastic sedimentary rocks form?

Answer 28

when sediments are laid down by wind, water, gravity and ice then compacted and cemented.

Question 29

how do chemical sedimentary rocks form?

Answer 29

when minerals dissolved in groundwater crystallize within the sediments or when water evaporates leaving behind crystals.

Question 30

how do biogenic sedimentary rocks form?

Answer 30

when dead plant matter or animal remains are cemented together.