Types Of Research Flashcards
Comparative studies are done to?
Quantify relationships between variables.
The purpose of a survey is to?
Quantify population characteristics.
A type of research that can involve quantitative information and can describe categories of qualitative information such as patterns.
Descriptive research
It is the collecting of information on all individuals.
Census
Surveys that collect date on only a portion is called…
Sample
This research involves gathering data that describe events and then organizes, tabulates, depicts, and describe data.
Often uses visual aids such as graphs and charts.
Descriptive research
Refers to the nature of the research question
Descriptive research
Uses historical data to make comparisons based on risk factors or exposures that occurred prior to the event
Cohort studies (retrospective)
A study that follows a group of cells, animals, or patients with different exposures until some point in time where something happens or the study is terminated
Cohort studies (prospective)
A study that compares the characteristics between two groups, usually one that has a condition or disease is compared with one that does not have the condition or disease.
Case-control study
Unique kind of case-control study.
Type of design used if cases cannot be identified or if the prevalence of the disease or condition needs to be determined.
Cross-sectional studies.
A research that is done to learn about the relationship between an explanatory variable and response variable.
Comparative research
Type of comparative study that investigator assigns the exposure to one group leaving the other non-exposed (placebo)
Experimental
Type of comparative study that investigator classifies individuals as exposed or non-exposed without intervention
Non experimental
A study in which conditions are controlled and manipulated by the study investigator
Experimental study
Type of experimental study that is conducted by trying a new treatment on some experimental units. Any benefits or harmful effects seen in the study units in will be ascribed to the new treatment
Uncontrolled studies
Type of experimental study that the intervention is compared with the other treatment. Used for comparison.
Controlled studies.
Is the treatment or exposure that explains or predicts changes in the response variable
Explanatory variable
Is the outcome or response being investigated
Response variable
Is the distortion in an association between explanatory variable and response variable brought about by the influence of the extraneous factors
Confounding
Must be collected in a way to allow generalizations to be made to the entire population, the sample must entail an element of chance.
Simple random sample
Entire aggregation of cases that meets a specific set of criteria.
Population
Subset of entities that make us the population
Sample
Most basic unit about which information is collected
Unit/element
Listing of accessible population from which you’ll draw your sample
Sampling frame
Selection of a number of study units from a defined study of population
Sampling
Includes all the characteristics of the population from which it is drawn
Representative.
Note: representative sample is like population only smaller.
Type of non probability sample that uses the most convinient available people as study participants.
Convenience sample
This is the identifying of strata of the population
And specifying the proportions of the elements needed form various strata of population
Quota
Each unit of sample is chosen by chance
Probability sample
This technique guaranteed that the sample will be representative on the selected traits. Population is divided into homogenous strata
Stratified random sample
Individuals are chosen at regular intervals from the sampling frame
Systematic random sample
Formula for calculating the sample interval
Study population divide sample size
Selection of groups of study units instead of selection of units of individuals
Cluster sample
