Types of Reactions & Redox Flashcards
What is the difference between ionic and molecular bonds?
Ionic Bonds: Transfer of electrons, between metal and non-metal.
Molecular Bonds (Covalent): Sharing of electrons, between two non-metals.
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
High boiling/melting points.
Conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
Often crystalline solids.
How do ions form?
Atoms gain/lose electrons to achieve full outer shells.
Cations: Metals lose electrons (positive charge).
Anions: Non-metals gain electrons (negative charge).
How does electronegativity affect bond type?
Large difference in electronegativity = Ionic Bond.
Small difference = Covalent (Molecular) Bond.
Basic Ion Charges (from the periodic table):
Group 1: +1 - Alkali
Group 2: +2 - Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 17: -1
Group 16: -2
Group 15: -3
Aluminum (Al): +3
Why do chemical equations need to be balanced?
Law of Conservation of Mass: Atoms are neither created nor destroyed.
What can and can’t you change in balancing equations?
Can Change: Coefficients (numbers in front of molecules).
Can’t Change: Subscripts (numbers in chemical formulas).
How do you count atoms in a compound?
look at the subscript number next to the chemical symbol for that element
What are oxidation and reduction in redox reactions?
Oxidation: Loss of electrons.
Reduction: Gain of electrons.
How do you assign oxidation numbers?
Free element, element in its pure = 0
Monoatomic ions = their charge number
Oxidation add up to charge in polyatomic
Special Oxidation Numbers
Oxygen = -2
Hydrogen = +1
Fluorine = -1 because most electronegative
Redox Examples
Combustion
Decomposition
Formation
Single Replacement
Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
What are Diatomic Elements
H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
Oxidation Level of 0
What are the properties of molecular compounds?
Low boiling/melting points.
Do not conduct electricity.
Can be gases, liquids, or solids.
How to identify oxidation and reduction?
Oxidized: Element increases in oxidation number.
Reduced: Element decreases in oxidation number.
What is the overall process in a Redox reaction?
Electrons are transferred between substances.
Naming For Binary Ionic Compounds (Two Elements):
- Write the name of the cation (positive ion) first
- Write the name of the anion (negative ion) second
> Change ending to -ide
Suffixes for Polyatomic
-ate
> Greater number of oxygen atoms
-ite
> One fewer oxygen atom
Prefixes for Polyatomic
Covalent ONLY
Per -
> Indicates 1 more oxygen atom than “ate”
Hypo-
> One fewer oxygen
When hydrogen is added to a polyatomic ion:
Prefix “hydrogen” (or “bi-“) is added to the name.
- Bicarbonate
- Hydrogen Carbonate
If two hydrogens are added:
Prefix “dihydrogen” is used.
- Dihydrogen Phosphate
Prefixes Covalent
1 → Mono- (only used for the second element, not the first).
2 → Di-
3 → Tri-
4 → Tetra-
5 → Penta-
6 → Hexa-
7 → Hepta-
8 → Octa-
9 → Nona-
10 → Deca-
Transition Metals & Roman Numerals
- Determine charge of metal based on total charge of compound
- Write numeral after metal’s name
