Types Of Programming Language

Question 1

Programming paradigm

Answer 1

Different approaches to using a programming language to solve a problem
(To describe an example of a way of doing things)

Question 2

Turing complete language

Answer 2

Can solve all the problems that a computer is able to solve

Question 3

What is the need for different programming paradigms

Answer 3

We need different programming paradigms because some problems are better suited to being solved using a certain paradigm

Question 4

Machine code

Answer 4

Least abstract
Closest to what actually happens on a computer
These translate into matching electrical signals
Programs directly into 1’s and 0’s

Question 5

Assembly language

Answer 5

Uses short code words (mnemonics)
Each mnemonic matches a specific sequence of 1’s and 0’s
Written in assembly language and translated by a specific assembler
One to one relationship

Question 6

High level languages

Answer 6

The first languages that could go further than machine code and assembly language were developed in the early 1950s
These languages had a one to one relationship as each instruction could translate to many lines of machine code

Question 7

Imperative languages

Answer 7

Use statements that change a programs state in the form of sequence, selection, iteration. Consists of commands for a computer to perform and focus on describing how a program operates

Question 8

Declarative languages

Answer 8

Focus on what the program SHOULD accomplish

Question 9

Sublevel of high level languages

Answer 9

Declarative
Imperative

Question 10

Types of imperative

Answer 10

Object oriented
Procedural

Question 11

Type of declarative

Answer 11

Logic
Functional

Question 12

Object oriented

Answer 12

Modern extension of the imperative programming approach that focuses more on a modular approach to programming

Question 13

Procedural

Answer 13

Type of imperative programming paradigm where a program is built from one or more subroutines

Question 14

Advantages of machine code and assembly language

Answer 14

Assembly language has the same efficiency of execution as machine code due to its one to one nature
It can produce very precise, locally optimised and efficient code
It provides direct access to system level features without having to go through a software interface- this improves the speed of the program
In complete control of your code

Question 15

Disadvantages of machine code and assembly language

Answer 15

It is machine dependant and code is very hard- if not impossible - to port
programmers who can write efficient assembly code are rare- which is one of the reasons why high level languages were produced in the first place
Even in the hands of a talented programmer code can be tedious to write and very prone to bugs
The code can be difficult to understand therefore it can also be hard to modify and maintain

Question 16

Features of procedural programming paradigms

Answer 16

Sequence, selection, iteration

Question 17

procedural programming paradigms data

Answer 17

Stored in local and global variables and accessible to other parts of the program using parameter passing

Question 18

procedural programming paradigms structure

Answer 18

Procedures and function

Question 19

procedural programming paradigms logic

Answer 19

Expressed in a series of procedure calls

Question 20

Features of object oriented paradigms

Answer 20

Sequence, selection, iteration plus inheritance, objects, classes and encapsulation

Question 21

object oriented paradigms data

Answer 21

Stored in attributes and concealed from other parts of the program via encapsulation

Question 22

object oriented paradigms structure

Answer 22

Classes, methods and instances

Question 23

object oriented paradigms logic

Answer 23

Based on models and behaviours

Question 24

Procedural language programming features

Answer 24

Variables
Constants
Selection
Iteration
Sequence
Subroutines
String handling
File handling
Operators
Arrays

Question 25

How is code developed (procedural)

Answer 25

Developed in a modular way. Blocks of code identify set tasks that need to be completed. Use procedures and functions to achieve this

Question 26

What do procedural languages focus on

Answer 26

Focus on telling a computer exactly what to do by way of step by step instructions

Question 27

Types of addressing memory methods

Answer 27

Immediate Direct Indirect Indexed

Question 28

Immediate addressing

Answer 28

Immediate operand, the value in the address part of the instruction is actually the value to be used, so the memory does not need to be searched to find the required value

Question 29

Direct addressing

Answer 29

The value in the address part of the instruction is a reference to the address in memory where the required value is located

Question 30

Indirect addressing

Answer 30

The value in the address part of the instruction is a reference to a memory location that contains the address in memory where the required value is located

Question 31

Indirect addressing (usefulness)

Answer 31

This mode of addressing memory is incredibly useful, as it means larger address ranges can be used to reference data and instructions

Question 32

Indexed addressing

Answer 32

More efficient to use an index register (IR) The IR is set to 0 so first value is taken from 0 + memory address The IR is incremented and the same instruction is used again Why an array needs to be stored in contiguous memory locations. Store address for element 0 of the array in the index register then increment

Question 33

Constructor method

Answer 33

A special method within the class that runs when an object of the class type is created When the object is created the constructor method takes the values of the parameters passed into the class object and sets its local attributes to their initial values

Question 34

Three main sections of classes

Answer 34

The name of the class It’s attributes- variables Its methods- subroutines

Question 35

Class

Answer 35

A class is a blueprint used to set or define what attributes and methods an object of a certain type should have. A class is not an object. (Every object from that class looks the same)

Question 36

Object

Answer 36

An instance of a class which contains both properties and behaviours within it

Question 37

Instantiation

Answer 37

The process of creating an object from a class template

Question 38

Inheritance

Answer 38

Allows a class to share the properties (attributes) and behaviours (methods) of another class

Question 39

Overriding

Answer 39

Occurs automatically when you call a method from an object that shares the same name as a method further up the class tree. The overriding method takes place and replaces the method from the superclass

Question 40

superprefix.

Answer 40

When using superprefix. overriding is ignored and the method from the original superclass is used instead

Question 41

Encapsulation

Answer 41

The bundling of data with the methods that operate on and restrict direct access to it Used to hide the values or internal state of an object, preventing direct access by unauthorised parties Encapsulated attributes of an object should only be accessible or changeable via the methods provided by the object Helps keep the data related to an object safe- programmer stays in control

Question 42

Accessing private attributes (encapsulation)

Answer 42

Other instantiated objects are prevented from directly accessing or altering the objects private attributes (like local variables) without going through its methods first Any attempt to directly access an objects private attributes will result in an error You must supply methods if you want an objects internal attributes to be read or altered An objects methods are usually set to public, not private As the methods are part of the same objects as its private attributes it will be able to access them

Question 43

Polymorphism

Answer 43

Something that occurs in several different forms

Question 44

Two types of polymorphism

Answer 44

Static Dynamic

Question 45

Static polymorphism

Answer 45

Allows you to implement multiple methods of the same name, but with different parameters, within the same class- method overriding

Question 46

Parameter sets must differ in one of three ways (static polymorphism)

Answer 46

They need to have a different number of parameters The types of parameters need to be different Need to expect the parameters in a different order

Question 47

Inheritance hierarchy

Answer 47

Subclass is able to override method of its superclass It is a form of polymorphism and it provides different functionality depending on whether they are implemented by the superclass or the subclass

Question 48

When should you use object oriented techniques

Answer 48

OOP works best in situations where you can encapsulate and model entities as objects. This allows you to define objects as classes and better understand and how they relate to and interact with each other

Question 49

How does OOP relate to GUI

Answer 49

Good way to develop Graphical User Interface Developed in parallel with the first GUI

Question 50

Operand

Answer 50

Contains value

Question 51

Opcode

Answer 51

Basic machine operation