types of philosophy Flashcards
philosophy
is the attempt to arrive at reasoned answers to questions that because their so generality or ultimacy are not addressed by other disciplines.
metaphysics
the study of the nature of reality and existence
epistemology
the study of nature of knowledge
logic
study of reasoning and arguments
ethics
study of morality (good vs bad, right vs wrong, duty, obligation, rights etc)
uncertainty
not limited to narrow range of possession not known what is unknowable who asking
enthymeme
an argument which is only partly expressed ( 1st premises and or conclusion is left unstated)
equivocation
(F) a word/phrase that is ambiguous is misused(wrong meaning is used to reach the conclusion)
red herring
(F) topic is x, but arguer changes topic.
straw man
(F) second arguer replaces 1st arguer argument with a weaker one (putting words in his mouth)
false analogy
(F) a comparison is made b/c things are alike in (F) someway it’s concluded they’re alike in another way but there is no logical causal or other reason to think they share another trait. ( A and B are alike, so if A has M, B also has M)
appeal to authority
(F) when cited “authority” isn’t really qualified to decisively answer issued.
fallacy
(F) flaw in argument other than false statement
ad hominem
(F) (latin:against men) argument against the person
ad hominem abusive
name calling, etc
ad hominem circumstanitial
attacks P1 b/c of motivation or background that led to making the argument
tu quoque
(F) (you too) P1: argues x P2: claims P1 is being a hypocrite in arguing x
begging the question
(F) (Latin petitio principii) argument appeals to the principle it is supposed to prove: to make point, assumes point
instrumental goods
good as a means to acquire or preserve or prevent the loss of some other good
intrinsic good
good in itself/ for its own sake
