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Pathology 1 > Types of parasites > Flashcards

Types of parasites Flashcards

1
Q

toxocara canis

A
  • Roundworm in dogs
  • Nematode
  • rough outer shell with coffee ground inside
  • Zoonotic
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2
Q

toxcara cati

A
  • round worm cat
  • Nematode
  • rough outer shell with coffee ground inside
  • Zoonotic
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3
Q

Toxascaris Leonina

A
  • Rare round worm found in cats and even rarer in dogs
  • Nematode
  • smoother outer shell with “dirty lens” inside
  • NOT ZOONOTIC
  • does not undergo aberrant migration
  • usually does not show symptoms of a parasite present
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4
Q

Toxocara

A
  • Nematode phylum
  • Roundworm
  • commonly found in small intestine unless they undergo aberrant migration
  • Zoonotic
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5
Q

Toxocara symptoms

A

weight loss, diarrhea, vomit, Inc. or Dec. appetite, distended abdomen, pot belly (esp in pups/kittens), coughing

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6
Q

Nematode Life Cycle

(7 stages)

A

Ova – Larva (L1) – L2 - infective stage (L3) – definitive host for L4 – final molt into pre-adult (L5) – then it grows into sexually mature adult

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7
Q

pseudoparasite

A

“false parasite”

looks similar to a parasite but might be a different organism or debris.

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8
Q

most common way to transmit Roundworm

A
  • most commonly transmitted via eggs released in the feces of the infected animal that are then shed into the environment
  • or transplacental (except cats) or transmammery
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9
Q

roundworm prepatent period

A

time of period between infected to diagnosible

  • canis/cati = 2-4 weeks
  • leonina = 8-10 weeks
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10
Q

baylisascaris procyonis

A

-Nematode
-Raccoon roundworm
-zoonosis
-Similar to Toxocara but darker in color
-rare
- transmitted by ingestion or eggs
Zoonosis

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11
Q

Physaloptera

A

-Nematode
-Stomach worms of cats and dogs
-found in lumen of stomach or small intestine
-blood-sucking parasites (usually 1 to a few present)
Prepatent - 8-10 weeks

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12
Q

Stomach worms symptoms

A

-Physaloptera
-vomit
-anorexia
-dark and tarry stools to do blood in early GI tract
may see worms in vomit due to being in stomach

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13
Q

transmission of Stomach worms

A
  • Physaloptera
  • via intermediate host (insects) or transport host (birds, rodents)
  • eggs are small, round, thick smooth shell, and larvated (can see larva inside)

-SG of 1.25 (so higher)

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14
Q

Spirocerca lupi

A

-Nemotode
- Prepatent - 6 months
-esophageal worm
-associated with formations of nodules in the esophageal wall
-Adults reside in tunnels in nodules and expel eggs via openings to the surface
-Nodules can obstruct esophagus
PAPERCLIP

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15
Q

Transmission of Esophageal worms

A

Spirocerca Lupi

  • eggs are larvated (can see larva in egg) and have unique paper clip appearance
  • eggs can be recovered from feces or vomitus

-Prepatent period = 6 months!

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16
Q

Trichuris

A

Whipworms
In Cecum (junct. of sm. and lg. intestine)
blood suckers
Lash is anterior, handle of whip is posterior
– No migration from cecum
- prepatent - 10-12 weeks
- Not zoonotic

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17
Q

Whipworms transmission

A

Trichuris
- eggs not larvated in passed in feces, takes 1-3 weeks to larvate
-eggs only passed every 3rd day
WE MAY NOT FIND IN FECES IF IT IS A SAMPLE OUTSIDE OF THAT 3rd day.

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18
Q

trichuris vulpix

A

dogs

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19
Q

trichuris serrata

A

cats

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20
Q

Tricuris clinical signs

A 
can be asympt.
diarrhea (w/ or w/o blood)
anemia
weight loss
mucus in feces
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21
Q

Shape of whipworms

A

symmetric football with round bulbs on edge

granular center thick yellow wall

22
Q

Capillaria

A

own genus now
looks similar to whipworms but not as whip-like
adults partially embedded in mucous membranes

23
Q

Eucoleus

A 
associated with airways
not Zoonotic
Prepatent - 5-6 weeks
Standard fecal float
Smaller and bore broadly shaped and lighter in color
THE BULBS ARE OFFSET
24
Q

pearsonema

A

associated with bladder

25
Q

Eucoleus aerophilus

A

Dogs and Cats - Bronchi and Trachea

26
Q

Eucoleus Boehmi

A

Dogs - nasal cavity and sinus cavity

27
Q

Eucoleus transmission

A

ingestion of feces or contact with mucoid
ova shed in the mucous of respiratory tract and when coughed up and then eaten.
Larvae hatch and grow to adult.

28
Q

Clinical signs of Eucoleus Aerophilus

A

Coughing and nodule in lung

29
Q

Clinical signs of Eucoleus Boehmi

A

sneezing, mucopurelent nasal discharge with blood

30
Q

Pearsonema

A 
more common in dogs, 
Prepatent 2-3 months
Not zoonotic
associated with bladder
- natural hosts (raccoons and foxes) 50% have it.
31
Q

Pearsonema Plica

A

dogs and cats but rare in cats

  • Eggs contain single cell are released in urine
  • larva develops in the egg but does not hatch unless ingested by EARTHWORM!
32
Q

Detecting Pearsonema/clinical signs

A

eggs detected in standard fecal float

  • like trichuris in football shape BUT lighter yellow and broader FLAT caps
  • UTI, freq urination. blood in urine

may resolve itself in 10-12 weeks

33
Q

Dioctophyma renale common name

A

Giant Kidney Worm

grows up to one meter long

34
Q

Dioctophyma renale infection

A

Right kidney of dogs

  • dmgs the inner tissue of the kidney eventually leaving only the capsule behind
  • Prepatent of 18 weeks
  • Not zoonotic
35
Q

Clinical Signs of Dioctophyma renale

A

often asymptomatic as the other kidney compensates for the loss of the other.

  • NO known pharmaceutical treatment
  • Surgical removal of infected kidney is option
36
Q

Types of Hookworms

A 
Ancylostoma Caninum (dogs)
Ancylostoma Tubaeforme (cats)
Uncinaria stenocephala (dogs and cats - little clinical concern)
37
Q

Places to find hookworms in world

A

Ancylostoma’s located in N. America most commonly

Uncinaria commonly in Northern region of U.S.

38
Q

Hookworms in the host

A

more commonly affect dogs than cats

  • the attach to mucosa of small intestine
  • secrete anticoagulant so that the blood cant clog
  • 0.1mL of blood consumed a day
39
Q

Clinical signs of Hookworm

A 
Prepatent - 2 weeks in dog and 3 weeks in cats
ZOONOTIC! (itchy red lesion that dies within a month and is absorbed into the body)
- diarrhea or constipation
- dark tarry stool
- loss of condition
- poor appetite
- coughing due to larval migration
- sudden death in young animals
40
Q

routes to get infected Hookworm

A
  • ingestion
  • percutaneous (through skin)
  • transplacental (dogs)
  • transmammary (dominant way for puppies)(dogs)
41
Q

Life Cycle

A

male and female worms attch near each other on intestinal wall and continuously mate and produce eggs into feces

eggs embryonate very quickly (48 hours)

42
Q

egg shape hookworm

A

thin-walled and oval shaped with multi-celled inside

43
Q

Follow-up of hookworm

A

Anthelmintic and then follow-up with another fecal float to see if any thing was not killed

44
Q

Hookworms in human

A 
ZOONOTIC
- catch it going barefoot
- catch it on the beach (sandworm)
- crawl space workers 
Ancylostoma caninum can grow to adult size in humans
45
Q

Threadworms Name

A

Strongyloides Stercoralis

Strongyloides Tumiefaciens

46
Q

Life Cycle of Threadworms (Strongyloides Stercoralis/ Tumiefaciens)

A

has both FREE-LIVING and Parasitic life cycles
- only females are parasitic and have both gonads
- free-living has male and female and they mate
- their offspring are only females and will grow
to be parasitic.

47
Q

Transmission of Threadworms

A

Prepatent 1-2 weeks
ZOONOTIC
-(person with HIV/aids or immune suppressive drugs affected the most) Can persist for life
Infective at L3 and can penetrate the skin
Transmammary is MAJOR ROLE

48
Q

Threadworms Detection

A

Eggs can hatch in the intestines so could see eggs or larva in feces.
Use Fecal Float or Baermann

49
Q

Clinical Signs of Threadworms

A

moderate to severe diarrhea in puppies

  • older pets usually asymptomatic
  • pneumonia in puppies as larvae break out of the lung tissue
50
Q

Treatment of Threadworms

A

need a drug that will kill larvae embedded in the deeper tissues

  • Strongyloides Stercoralis Infections tend to be difficult to clear due to deep tissue hibernation.
  • Examine feces monthly for 6 months after treatment.

Pathology 1 (2 decks)

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