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Pathology 1 > Types of parasites > Flashcards

Types of parasites Flashcards

1
Q

toxocara canis

A
  • Roundworm in dogs
  • Nematode
  • rough outer shell with coffee ground inside
  • Zoonotic
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2
Q

toxcara cati

A
  • round worm cat
  • Nematode
  • rough outer shell with coffee ground inside
  • Zoonotic
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3
Q

Toxascaris Leonina

A
  • Rare round worm found in cats and even rarer in dogs
  • Nematode
  • smoother outer shell with “dirty lens” inside
  • NOT ZOONOTIC
  • does not undergo aberrant migration
  • usually does not show symptoms of a parasite present
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4
Q

Toxocara

A
  • Nematode phylum
  • Roundworm
  • commonly found in small intestine unless they undergo aberrant migration
  • Zoonotic
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5
Q

Toxocara symptoms

A

weight loss, diarrhea, vomit, Inc. or Dec. appetite, distended abdomen, pot belly (esp in pups/kittens), coughing

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6
Q

Nematode Life Cycle

(7 stages)

A

Ova – Larva (L1) – L2 - infective stage (L3) – definitive host for L4 – final molt into pre-adult (L5) – then it grows into sexually mature adult

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7
Q

pseudoparasite

A

“false parasite”

looks similar to a parasite but might be a different organism or debris.

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8
Q

most common way to transmit Roundworm

A
  • most commonly transmitted via eggs released in the feces of the infected animal that are then shed into the environment
  • or transplacental (except cats) or transmammery
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9
Q

roundworm prepatent period

A

time of period between infected to diagnosible

  • canis/cati = 2-4 weeks
  • leonina = 8-10 weeks
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10
Q

baylisascaris procyonis

A

-Nematode
-Raccoon roundworm
-zoonosis
-Similar to Toxocara but darker in color
-rare
- transmitted by ingestion or eggs
Zoonosis

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11
Q

Physaloptera

A

-Nematode
-Stomach worms of cats and dogs
-found in lumen of stomach or small intestine
-blood-sucking parasites (usually 1 to a few present)
Prepatent - 8-10 weeks

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12
Q

Stomach worms symptoms

A

-Physaloptera
-vomit
-anorexia
-dark and tarry stools to do blood in early GI tract
may see worms in vomit due to being in stomach

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13
Q

transmission of Stomach worms

A
  • Physaloptera
  • via intermediate host (insects) or transport host (birds, rodents)
  • eggs are small, round, thick smooth shell, and larvated (can see larva inside)

-SG of 1.25 (so higher)

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14
Q

Spirocerca lupi

A

-Nemotode
- Prepatent - 6 months
-esophageal worm
-associated with formations of nodules in the esophageal wall
-Adults reside in tunnels in nodules and expel eggs via openings to the surface
-Nodules can obstruct esophagus
PAPERCLIP

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15
Q

Transmission of Esophageal worms

A

Spirocerca Lupi

  • eggs are larvated (can see larva in egg) and have unique paper clip appearance
  • eggs can be recovered from feces or vomitus

-Prepatent period = 6 months!

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16
Q

Trichuris

A

Whipworms
In Cecum (junct. of sm. and lg. intestine)
blood suckers
Lash is anterior, handle of whip is posterior
– No migration from cecum
- prepatent - 10-12 weeks
- Not zoonotic

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17
Q

Whipworms transmission

A

Trichuris
- eggs not larvated in passed in feces, takes 1-3 weeks to larvate
-eggs only passed every 3rd day
WE MAY NOT FIND IN FECES IF IT IS A SAMPLE OUTSIDE OF THAT 3rd day.

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18
Q

trichuris vulpix

A

dogs

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19
Q

trichuris serrata

A

cats

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20
Q

Tricuris clinical signs

A 
can be asympt.
diarrhea (w/ or w/o blood)
anemia
weight loss
mucus in feces
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21
Q

Shape of whipworms

A

symmetric football with round bulbs on edge

granular center thick yellow wall

22
Q

Capillaria

A

own genus now
looks similar to whipworms but not as whip-like
adults partially embedded in mucous membranes

23
Q

Eucoleus

A 
associated with airways
not Zoonotic
Prepatent - 5-6 weeks
Standard fecal float
Smaller and bore broadly shaped and lighter in color
THE BULBS ARE OFFSET
24
Q

pearsonema

A

associated with bladder

25
Eucoleus aerophilus
Dogs and Cats - Bronchi and Trachea
26
Eucoleus Boehmi
Dogs - nasal cavity and sinus cavity
27
Eucoleus transmission
ingestion of feces or contact with mucoid ova shed in the mucous of respiratory tract and when coughed up and then eaten. Larvae hatch and grow to adult.
28
Clinical signs of Eucoleus Aerophilus
Coughing and nodule in lung
29
Clinical signs of Eucoleus Boehmi
sneezing, mucopurelent nasal discharge with blood
30
Pearsonema
``` more common in dogs, Prepatent 2-3 months Not zoonotic associated with bladder - natural hosts (raccoons and foxes) 50% have it. ```
31
Pearsonema Plica
dogs and cats but rare in cats - Eggs contain single cell are released in urine - larva develops in the egg but does not hatch unless ingested by EARTHWORM!
32
Detecting Pearsonema/clinical signs
eggs detected in standard fecal float - like trichuris in football shape BUT lighter yellow and broader FLAT caps - UTI, freq urination. blood in urine may resolve itself in 10-12 weeks
33
Dioctophyma renale common name
Giant Kidney Worm | grows up to one meter long
34
Dioctophyma renale infection
Right kidney of dogs - dmgs the inner tissue of the kidney eventually leaving only the capsule behind - Prepatent of 18 weeks - Not zoonotic
35
Clinical Signs of Dioctophyma renale
often asymptomatic as the other kidney compensates for the loss of the other. - NO known pharmaceutical treatment - Surgical removal of infected kidney is option
36
Types of Hookworms
``` Ancylostoma Caninum (dogs) Ancylostoma Tubaeforme (cats) Uncinaria stenocephala (dogs and cats - little clinical concern) ```
37
Places to find hookworms in world
Ancylostoma's located in N. America most commonly | Uncinaria commonly in Northern region of U.S.
38
Hookworms in the host
more commonly affect dogs than cats - the attach to mucosa of small intestine - secrete anticoagulant so that the blood cant clog - 0.1mL of blood consumed a day
39
Clinical signs of Hookworm
``` Prepatent - 2 weeks in dog and 3 weeks in cats ZOONOTIC! (itchy red lesion that dies within a month and is absorbed into the body) - diarrhea or constipation - dark tarry stool - loss of condition - poor appetite - coughing due to larval migration - sudden death in young animals ```
40
routes to get infected Hookworm
- ingestion - percutaneous (through skin) - transplacental (dogs) - transmammary (dominant way for puppies)(dogs)
41
Life Cycle
male and female worms attch near each other on intestinal wall and continuously mate and produce eggs into feces eggs embryonate very quickly (48 hours)
42
egg shape hookworm
thin-walled and oval shaped with multi-celled inside
43
Follow-up of hookworm
Anthelmintic and then follow-up with another fecal float to see if any thing was not killed
44
Hookworms in human
``` ZOONOTIC - catch it going barefoot - catch it on the beach (sandworm) - crawl space workers Ancylostoma caninum can grow to adult size in humans ```
45
Threadworms Name
Strongyloides Stercoralis | Strongyloides Tumiefaciens
46
Life Cycle of Threadworms (Strongyloides Stercoralis/ Tumiefaciens)
has both FREE-LIVING and Parasitic life cycles - only females are parasitic and have both gonads - free-living has male and female and they mate - their offspring are only females and will grow to be parasitic.
47
Transmission of Threadworms
Prepatent 1-2 weeks ZOONOTIC -(person with HIV/aids or immune suppressive drugs affected the most) Can persist for life Infective at L3 and can penetrate the skin Transmammary is MAJOR ROLE
48
Threadworms Detection
Eggs can hatch in the intestines so could see eggs or larva in feces. Use Fecal Float or Baermann
49
Clinical Signs of Threadworms
moderate to severe diarrhea in puppies - older pets usually asymptomatic - pneumonia in puppies as larvae break out of the lung tissue
50
Treatment of Threadworms
need a drug that will kill larvae embedded in the deeper tissues - Strongyloides Stercoralis Infections tend to be difficult to clear due to deep tissue hibernation. - Examine feces monthly for 6 months after treatment.

Pathology 1 (2 decks)

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