Types Of Organisatipn Flashcards
SECTS
Small, drawing members from the poor + expect a high level of commitment
Promise other worldly benefits to those suffering e.g. a place in heaven
NEIBUHR - form from schism (splitting from a church due to a disagreement over religious doctrine)
CHURCH - large with lots of members , often linked to the state so attract high classes + place few demands on members
DENOMINATION - not linked to the state but accept societies values, impose few restrictions e.g. no alcohol
CULTS
don’t demand from members who are more like trainees who may have little involvement when they learn the beliefs it offers
Offer this worldly benefits e.g. good health to those suffering psychic deprivation (homelessness)
Audience - least organised, don’t involve much commitment and participation may be through the media
Client - relationship between a consultant + client , therapies promising personal fulfilment + self discovery
Cultic movements - most organised, demand a high level of commitment
WALLIS - ‘how they see themselves’ - church + sects claim their beliefs are the only right one whereas denominations + cults accept that there is many
‘How they’re seen by society’ - church + denominations are respected , sects + cults are seen as deviant
WORLD REJECTING NRM - control all aspects of life
WORLD ACCOMMODATING - breakaways from church / denominations , don’t accept or reject the world + seek to restore spiritual purity of religion
WORLD AFFIRMING - Accept the world as it is, promise followers success
RELATIVE DEPRIVATION - Possible for privileged people to feel deprived e.g. spiritually so turn to sects for a sense of community
BRUCE - secularisation has led to people being less attracted to the demanding churches and sects, so prefer cults
NEW AGE - A range of beliefs and activities widespread since 1980s
HEELAS - common themes characterising the new age :
Self-spirituality: turning away from traditional religions and looking inside themselves to find it
Detraditionalisation : rejecting authority of sacred texts believing we can find the truth for ourselves through personal experience
POSTMODERNITY
DRANE : New age movements are a shift towards postmodernity due to a loss of faith in meta-narratives
If churches fail to meet our needs, we can turn to the new age idea of looking inside ourselves to find the truth
MODERNITY :
New age beliefs offer a source of ‘authentic’ identity as different roles in modern society lead to a fragmented one
The growth of the new age is the latest phase of modern society , not post modernity
GENDER + RELIGIOSITY
MILLER + HOFFMAN : women are socialised to be more caring and obedient which our valued by religions
- women are more likely to have time to participate due to part time / no work
ETHNICITY + RELIGIOSITY
ethnic minorities originate from poorer counties with traditional cultures where religion is more important
AGE DIFFERENCES
The older a person is, the more likely they are to be religious and attend services
CRITICISM :
Under 15s - made to attend by parents
65+ - unable to attend due to immobility
VOAS + CROCKETT :
as society gets more secular, each generation is less religious meaning more old will go to church as they grew up at a time where religion was more popular / important
