Types of organelles Flashcards
Define the nucleus
- Can be found in animal and plant cells.
- Contain the genetic material and it contains the DNA.
- The control centre of the cell.
Define the nucleolus
- Produces the ribosomes.
Define a microtubule
- Helps to support the shape of the cell.
- They attach to the kinetochores during cell division.
Define centrosomes with a pair of centrioles.
- Centrosomes organise the microtubules.
- Centrioles help in cell division.
What is chromatin?
- It is a mixture of proteins and DNA that help to make up the chromosomes in a cell.
Define nuclear pore.
-Controls what comes in and out of the nucleus.
Define the nuclear envelope.
- It separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm.
What is the extracellular matrix?
- It helps cells to attach to other cells to make connective tissues.
- Made up of proteins.
What are lysosomes?
- They break down unwanted materials by using digestive enzymes that they have.
What is the role of the mitochondria?
- It is the site of respiration.
- It produces ATP (Adenine triphosphate).
What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
- It produces lipids.
What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
- It produces proteins which allow the rest of the cell to function.
What is the role of the plasma membrane?
- It protects the cell.
-Controls what moves in and out of the cell.
What is the role of intermediate filaments?
- To stable the cytoskeleton.
- To provide mechanical strength to the cells.
What is the role of the ribosomes?
- To produce proteins.
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
- Modifies and packages proteins.
What is the role of peroxisomes?
- Carry out oxidative reactions.
- They break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
What is the role of actin filaments?
-They provide mechanical support and shape to the cell.
What is the role of the cytoplasm?
- It is where all the chemical reactions take place in a cell.
What is the role of the cilia?
- They help substances to be waft across the cell surface.
- They waft in a synchronised motion.
What is the role of a vacuole?
- They contain the cell sap.
- They remove any unwanted cell debris.
What is the role of the chloroplast?
- It is the site of photosynthesis.
What is the role of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast?
- It helps to trap light energy in the chloroplast.
- Helps to carry out light reactions during photosynthesis.
What is the role of starch grains in the chloroplast?
- They store energy
