Types of Movements at Synovial (Diarthrotic) Joints Flashcards
Gliding
Two opposing surfaces slide over one another; slight movement
ex. carpal to carpal, tarsal to tarsal, manubrium-clavicle
abduction
ab= from
movement away from body’s midline in frontal plane (out to the side)
ex. refers to movements of appendicular skeleton, making snow angels (when arm/legs moving out)
adduction
ad=to
movement toward midline of body in frontal plane
ex. refers to movements of appendicular skeleton, making snow angels (when arm/legs move toward body)
flexion
movement in sagittal plane that reduces the angle between articulating parts. The body part always moves forward during flexion EXCEPT the knee.
ex. bending elbow during biceps curl, head toward chest
extension
movement in sagittal plane that increases the angle between the articulating parts. body part moves backwards during extension, except at knee.
ex. straighten elbow
rotation
twisting movements that occur in transverse plane
ex. shaking the head “no”, spinal twist
medial rotation (internal rotation)
in limbs: anterior aspect of limb turns inward
ex. twist leg inward
lateral rotation (external rotation)
in limbs: anterior aspect of limbs turn outward
ex. twist leg outward
pronation
Rotation of the distal end of the radius across anterior surface of the ulna
ex. turning palms and forearms posteriorly
supination
Turning the palm and forearm anteriorly/forward in the opposing movement
lateral flexion
Bending vertebral column to side; in frontal plane
ex. Cervical lateral flexion, Side bending of torso
circumduction
Movement of the limb describes a cone in space; includes flexion, extension, adduction, abduction; occurs in all 3 planes
ex. Windmilling arms
plantarflexion
planta=sole
Elevate the heel and proximal portion of the foot; ankle extension
ex. As you would when pointing your toes
dorsiflexion
“Dig heels in”, elevating distal part of foot; aka ankle flexion
ex. As you would if you walk on your heels only.
Inversion
Turn sole of foot inward/medially
Eversion
Turn sole of foot outward/laterally
Protraction
Move body part anteriorly in transverse plane
ex. Move lower jaw forward
Retraction
Move body part posteriorly in transverse plane
ex. Move lower jaw backward
Opposition
Movement of thumb only towards fingers or palm ex. Opposable thumbs
Reposition
Reverse of opposition; movement of thumb away from fingers/palm ex. opposable thumbs
Depression
Move body part inferiorly in frontal plane
ex. Lower jaw as when opening mouth, Lower shoulders
Elevation
Move body part superiorly in frontal plane
ex. Elevate jaw as when closing mouth, Lift shoulders
