Types of Misrepresentation Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four key types of misrepresentation?

A

(1) Fraudulent
(2) Negligent at Common Law
(3) Negligent under Statute
(4) Innocent

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2
Q

What is a fraudulent misrepresentation? (1)

A

A false statement made with an absence of the honest belief that the statement was true.
Authority - Derry v Peek

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3
Q

What is the concept of fraudulent misrepresentation based upon?

A

It is rooted in the tort of deceit.

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4
Q

What are the three ways in which a fraudulent misrepresentation can be made out?

A

A statement made;

(1) Knowing it is false
(2) Not believing it is true
(3) Recklessly, not caring if it’s true or not

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5
Q

What is irrelevant when considering a potential fraudulent misrepresentation? (1)

A

While dishonesty is required the motive for that dishonestly is irrelevant.
Authority - Foster v Charles

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6
Q

Where does the onus or burden of proof lie in regards to fraudulent misrepresentations? (1)

A

The onus lies with the claimant to demonstrate that the misrepresentation made to them was in fact fraudulent.
Authority - Derry v Peak

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7
Q

What is negligent misrepresentation (at common law or under statute)?

A

A false statement made with an honest belief that the statement is in fact true, but underpinned by a failure to fulfil their duty to use reasonable care and skill to check the accuracy of their statement.

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8
Q

In what case was the test for a duty of care (in regards to negligent misrepresentation at common law) laid out? (1)

A

Byrne v Heller

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9
Q

What criteria were laid out for a duty of care in regards to negligent misrepresentation at common law?

A

(1) Reasonable foreseeability of reliance and harm
(2) Sufficient proximity between the parties
(3) Just and reasonable that a duty be imposed

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10
Q

What was further acknowledged about the required relationship between the parties for negligent misrepresentation? (1)

A

There is no need for the representer to be in a professional capacity, duty may arise merely from superior knowledge of one party relied upon by the other.
Authority - Byrne v Heller

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11
Q

On what grounds can claimants recover in cases of negligent misrepresentation? (1)

A

It appears possible for parties to recover in both Tort and Contract in cases of negligent misrepresentation.
Authority - Midland Bank Trust Co Ltd v Het, Stubbs and Kemp

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12
Q

What provides the basis for negligent misrepresentation under statute?

A

Section 2(1) of the Misrepresentation Act 1967.

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13
Q

What is the threshold or level provided for under s 2(1) of the MA 1967? (1)

A

Under this legislation the maker of a given statement must positively establish that they had reasonable grounds for believing in the truth of the statement in order to avoid negligence.
Authority - Howard Marine & Dredging Co Ltd v A Ogden & Sons Ltd

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14
Q

How does the burden of proof differ in case of common law and statutory negligence?

A

Under Common Law misrepresentation the burden of proof lies with the claimant to establish the negligence of the defendant in making a statement, this is reversed under statute where the defendant must positively demonstrate that they were not in fact negligent.

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15
Q

What are the advantages of statutory negligence claims over common law ones?

A

(1) There is no need to establish a duty of care
(2) The representor cannot escape liability merely by disproving negligence, but rather must affirmatively prove reasonable grounds for their belief.

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16
Q

What are innocent misrepresentations?

A

A false statement made with an honest belief that the statement is true, based upon reasonable grounds, however, the statement turns out to be false.