Types Of LTM Flashcards
What is Episodic LTM?
Personal experiences.
Complex: time-stamped, emotion, people, sensory information
Conscious effort to recall information
What brain region is associated with episodic memory?
The hippocampus, as well as the frontal lobe and parts of the temporal lobe where the hippocampus is located.
What is semantic LTM?
Meaningful memories but not personal such as general knowledge.
Not time-stamped.
Schemas - information about what things are and how they work.
Less likely to be distorted than episodic.
Also conscious effort to recall.
What brain region is associated with semantic memory?
The temporal lobe.
What is procedural memory?
How to memory.
Acquired through repetition and practice
Implicit
Actions and skills
Unconscious recall - automatic.
What brain region is associated with procedural LTM?
The cerebellum which is involved in the control of fine motor skills as well as the motor cortex.
Who argued the MSM of memory was too simplistic?
Tulving (1985)
COHEN - What is declarative/explicit memory?
Semantic and episodic, consciously recalled. Knowing that.
COHEN - What is implicit memory?
‘Knowing how’, procedural memory that can be unconsciously recalled.
What are the strengths of the types of LTM?
P - Brain scan evidence
E - Tulving, shows different parts of the brain for different types of memory. Episodic - hippocampus, Procedural - cerebellum, Semantic - temporal lobe
P - Case study evidence
E - H.M, got faster by the day (procedural) yet had no memory of having done the task before (episodic). Star tracing test.
P - practical applications
E - Belleville (2006) found that it was possible to improve episodic memories in older people who had a mild cognitive impairment. Through training, participants performed better on a test of episodic memory than a control group.
E - Importance of researching into the types of LTM.
What is the case study of HM? (TYPES OF LTM)
- HM was tested using the Star tracing task.
- He was asked to trace a star daily from a reflection
- He got faster by the day yet had no memory of having done the task before.
This is evidence to show the different types of LTM. The hippocampus must play a role in declarative (explicit) memory but not procedural (implicit) memory.
What is the limitations of the types of LTM?
P - counter, issues with case studies and damaged patients
E - Cannot generalise issues with damaged patients such as HM as his case is unique.
APPROACHES
Nomothetic - Generalises types of LTM and their regions
Idiographic - varying studies such as HM
