types of long term memory

Question 1

origins of the types of long term memory

Answer 1

endel tulving 1985 suggested that the MSM’s view of LTM was too simplistic and inflexible. he thus proposed that there are 3 LTM stores, containing differing typs of information. these icnlude episodic memory, semantic memory and procedural memory.

Question 2

what are the two main types of LTM?

Answer 2

explicit and implicit memory.
explicit = episodic and semantic
implicit = procedural

Question 3

what is episodic memory

Answer 3

a long term memory store for personal events. it includes memories of when the events occured and of the people, objects, places and behaviours involved. they have to be retrieved consciously and with effort.

Question 4

what is semantic memory?

Answer 4

a long term memory store for our knowledge of the world. this includes facts and our knowledge of what words and concepts mean. these memories usually need to be recalled deliberately.

Question 5

what is procedural memory?

Answer 5

a long term memory store for our knowledge of how to do things, including our memories of learned skills. we usually recall these memories without making a conscious or deliberate effort.

Question 6

why is it important that procedural memories are implicit?

Answer 6

so we can focus our attention on other tasks while perofmring these everyday skills.

Question 7

weakness

evaluation points

Answer 7

challenges the traditional understanding and classification systems.

tangible support in neuroimaging studies.

Question 8

evidence

evaluation weakness point

Answer 8

challenges the traditional understanding and classification systems.

priming describes how implicit memories influence the responses a person makes to a stimulus. through priming, individuals may exhibit automatic and unconscious recall, as demonstrated by the tendency to associate “yellow” with “banana” when prompted with the word.

this implicit memory process operates independently from the temporal system supporting explicit memory, hinting at the presence of an additional LTM category.

perceptual-representation system memory underscores this notion, suggesting a fourth LTM type closely linked to priming mechanisms. this revelation not only expands our comprehension of memory but also raises questions about the adequacy of existing theories.

Question 9

strength

evaluation point

Answer 9

tangible support in neuroimaging studies. distinct neural correlates have been identified for each type of LTM, validating their separate existence within the brain.

episodic memory, intimately tied to the hippocampus and surrounding temporal lobe regions shows activity in the frontal lobe during retrieval.

Tulving et al. (1994) conducted PET scan research, revealing further insights into the neural substrates of LTM. their findings demonstrated that semantic memories predominantly activate the left prefrontal cortex, whereas episodic memories are primarily associated with the right prefrontal cortex. highlights the physical reality of these distinctions within the brain.