Types of Long Term Memory Flashcards
1
Q
Types of Long Term Memory
A
- Episodic (explicit, conscious)
- Semantic (explicit, conscious)
- Procedural (implicit, unconscious)
2
Q
Episodic Memory
A
- Memories with a personal meaning to us
- Details as to when and how these events occurred, as well as the associated people and places
3
Q
Semantic Memory
A
- Describes our memories of the world, and the associated knowledge
4
Q
P
Procedural Memory
A
- Describes our memories of ‘learned skills’, such as swimming
- Difficult to explain in words (muscle memory)
5
Q
Supporting Evidence for 3 types of LTM: Brain Scans
A
- EM associated with hippocampus and other parts of temporal lobe, and activity in frontal lobe
- SM relies on temporal lobe too
- PM associated with cerebellum and motor cortex - basal ganglia and limbic system also involved with motor skill learning
6
Q
Supporting Evidence for 3 types of LTM: Case Studies
A
- HM had brain damage after brain surgery, but could form new PM but not EM or SM (anterograde amnesia)
- Could learn to draw by looking at a reflection in a mirror (‘mirror drawing’) - Crokin, 2002
- This was a PM, but he had no memory of learning it
7
Q
Problems with studies on patients with brain damage
A
- Difficult to be sure which areas are affected until post-mortem examination - can’t establish a causal relationship between specific region and type of LTM
- Brain surgery already traumatic, so may affect behaviour
- Low population validity
8
Q
Priming and a 4th kind of LTM
A
- Evidence suggests possible 4th type
- Priming: describes how implicit memories influence the responses a person makes to stimuli
- Research has shown that priming is controlled by a brain system separate from temporal system that supports explicit memory
9
Q
Evaluation of Priming and 4th type of LTM
A
- Good real world applications
- Good mundane realism
- Increased Ecological validity
