Types Of Long Term Memory

Question 1

A01

Answer 1

TULVING proposed that there was several types of LTM
Each associated with a different function and associated with different areas of the brain
There are three types:
Semantic memory
Episodic memory
Procedural memory

Question 2

Semantic memory
What
Declarative knowledge?
Available for conscious inspection?
Time stamped?
People and objects?

Answer 2

LTM
for our knowledge of the world (facts and general knowledge)
Our knowledge of concepts (e.g love)

DK: knowing that something is the case/ easy to put into words
E.g Paris is capital of France

Available: required effort to recall

Time stamped: no don’t recall when or where knowledge was learnt

Question 3

Episodic memory
What
Declarative knowledge?
Available for conscious inspection?
Time stamped?
People and objects?

Answer 3

LTM for personal event and experiences

DK: yes knowing that something is the case/ easy to put into words

Available: yes requires effort to recall
E.g first day of sixth from

Time stamped: yes stored with time and place

Yes includes info about people and objects associated with memory and emotions that we felt

Question 4

Procedural memory
What
Declarative knowledge?
Available for conscious inspection?
Time stamped?
People and objects?

Answer 4

LTM store for learned motor skills and actions

DK: no, not easy to put into words, not knowing that is thing is the case - more how to do something

Not Available: recalled without conscious effort
Skills become automatic with practice and repetition

Not time stamped

Question 5

Evaluation of LTM
S
S
L
SL

Answer 5

S: Brain scan evidence (TULVING)
S: practical application
S: HM Case study but issue with generalising
L: 2 LTM not 3

Question 6

Evaluation of LT
Brain Scan evidence

Answer 6

TULVING ET AL
Injected radioactive gold, scanned using a gamma ray detector
Asked ps to think of semantic and episodic topics
Found that there was treating activation in
RIGHT PREFRONTAL CORTEX : EPISODIC
LEFT PREFRONTAL CORTEX : SEMANTIC

shows diff functions diff parts of brain

Question 7

Evaluation of LT
real life application

Answer 7

Can be used to improve episodic Mel more in older people
1 group episodic memory training
1 group not
Found trained group remembered a test of episodic memory significantly more better
Shows benefits of knowing distinguished LTM allows specific treatments to be developed and improve lives

Question 8

Evaluation of LT
2 LTM not 3

Answer 8

Research argues semantic and episodic stored together in LTM
Called “declarative memory”
Agree that procedural is a distinctly different kind of memory
- “Non declarative”

It is important to get the distinction right - influences how memory studies are conducted

Question 9

Evaluation
Case study evidence

Answer 9

HM underwent brain surgery to relieve his epilepsy
Left him with amnesia
He could trade shales (procedural intact)
But could not remember doing it before (episodic not)

Supports there are not only diff LTM but associated with diff parts of brain too

However HM had brain surgery
Can he be applied to all?