Types Of Joints, Characterisitics, & Injuries

Question 0

How are joints classified?

Answer 0

Joints are classified by their structure and their function.

Question 1

What are joints?

Answer 1

Points of contact/articulation a between 2 bones.

Question 2

Name the 3 types of joints.

Answer 2

Fibrous/sutured: bound by connective tissue, do not allow movement, ex. Skull.
Cartliaginous: bones are connected by cartilage, do allow some movement, ex. Intervertebral disks.
Synovial: bones are separated by synovial fluid, allow movement, ex hip, knee, shoulder.

Question 3

Name the characteristics of synovial joints.

Answer 3

Articulating hyaline cartilage- allows for smooth movement, shock observers, protects bones.
Synovial joint capsule- contains synovial fluid which lubricates the joint and provides nutrients to cartilage.
Bursae- small, flattened fluid sac found between tendon, ligaments and bones. Protects soft tissue as they pass over bony projects.

Question 4

Name the 6 types of synovial joints.

Answer 4

Ball and socket, gliding, hinge, pivot, saddle, ellipsoid.

Question 5

What is a ligament?

Answer 5

Attach bone to bone, helps maintain stability. They are not elastic and can lose their ability to perform correctly when stretched. Static.

Question 6

What are tendons?

Answer 6

Attach muscle to bone, dynamic stabilizers of joint.

Question 7

What is tendinitis?

Answer 7

Inflammation.

Question 8

Are tendons and ligaments avascular or vascular?

Answer 8

Avascular.

Question 9

What is dislocation?

Answer 9

Bone is displaced.

Question 10

What area do separations affect?

Answer 10

Ligaments.

Question 11

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 11

Hyaline: ends of bones and joints
Fibrocartilage: vertebrae
Elastic “yellow”: ear epiglottis

Question 12

What are shin splints?

Answer 12

Tearing of the interosseous membrane or periosteum.

Question 13

What are the signs of an injury?

Answer 13

Swelling
Heat
Altered
Red
Painful

Question 14

What is the proper treatment for an injury?

Answer 14

Pressure
Ice
Elevation
Restriction

Question 15

What is biceps tendinitis and how is is caused?

Answer 15

Over use of the bicep brachii, makes it painful to flex the shoulder and elbow.

Question 16

What is shoulder separation?

Answer 16

1st degree: mild and heals in few days
2nd degree: moderate-severe and may require physio
3rd degree severe and may require surgery, 6-12 months
Tearing of the acrmioclavicular joint

Question 17

What is shoulder dislocation?

Answer 17

Humerus “pops” out from a hit or fall.

Question 18

What is a rotator cuff tear?

Answer 18

A year in one or four of the muscles in the rotator cuff.

Question 19

What happens if you tear your ACL?

Answer 19

You are prevented from anterior movement of the tibia.

Question 20

What happens if you injury your PCL?

Answer 20

Loss of movement on the posterior side of tibia.

Question 21

What is the “Q” angle?

Answer 21

It indicates the predisposition to ACL tears. 2 lines from patella to anterior superior iliac spine to and the tibial tuberosity to the patella. The the angle between the 2 lines is greater than 20 degrees there is a greater risk of knee injury.

Question 22

What is Osgood Schlatter syndrome?

Answer 22

Affects the epiphyseal plates of tibial tuberosity, tibial tuberosity become inflamed with overuse, doesn’t affects growth of child.

Question 23

When is the ankle weakest?

Answer 23

In plantar flexion.

Question 24

What is an inversion sprain?

Answer 24

Rolling your ankle