Types Of Joints, Characterisitics, & Injuries Flashcards
How are joints classified?
Joints are classified by their structure and their function.
What are joints?
Points of contact/articulation a between 2 bones.
Name the 3 types of joints.
Fibrous/sutured: bound by connective tissue, do not allow movement, ex. Skull.
Cartliaginous: bones are connected by cartilage, do allow some movement, ex. Intervertebral disks.
Synovial: bones are separated by synovial fluid, allow movement, ex hip, knee, shoulder.
Name the characteristics of synovial joints.
Articulating hyaline cartilage- allows for smooth movement, shock observers, protects bones.
Synovial joint capsule- contains synovial fluid which lubricates the joint and provides nutrients to cartilage.
Bursae- small, flattened fluid sac found between tendon, ligaments and bones. Protects soft tissue as they pass over bony projects.
Name the 6 types of synovial joints.
Ball and socket, gliding, hinge, pivot, saddle, ellipsoid.
What is a ligament?
Attach bone to bone, helps maintain stability. They are not elastic and can lose their ability to perform correctly when stretched. Static.
What are tendons?
Attach muscle to bone, dynamic stabilizers of joint.
What is tendinitis?
Inflammation.
Are tendons and ligaments avascular or vascular?
Avascular.
What is dislocation?
Bone is displaced.
What area do separations affect?
Ligaments.
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
Hyaline: ends of bones and joints
Fibrocartilage: vertebrae
Elastic “yellow”: ear epiglottis
What are shin splints?
Tearing of the interosseous membrane or periosteum.
What are the signs of an injury?
Swelling Heat Altered Red Painful
What is the proper treatment for an injury?
Pressure
Ice
Elevation
Restriction
What is biceps tendinitis and how is is caused?
Over use of the bicep brachii, makes it painful to flex the shoulder and elbow.
What is shoulder separation?
1st degree: mild and heals in few days
2nd degree: moderate-severe and may require physio
3rd degree severe and may require surgery, 6-12 months
Tearing of the acrmioclavicular joint
What is shoulder dislocation?
Humerus “pops” out from a hit or fall.
What is a rotator cuff tear?
A year in one or four of the muscles in the rotator cuff.
What happens if you tear your ACL?
You are prevented from anterior movement of the tibia.
What happens if you injury your PCL?
Loss of movement on the posterior side of tibia.
What is the “Q” angle?
It indicates the predisposition to ACL tears. 2 lines from patella to anterior superior iliac spine to and the tibial tuberosity to the patella. The the angle between the 2 lines is greater than 20 degrees there is a greater risk of knee injury.
What is Osgood Schlatter syndrome?
Affects the epiphyseal plates of tibial tuberosity, tibial tuberosity become inflamed with overuse, doesn’t affects growth of child.
When is the ankle weakest?
In plantar flexion.
What is an inversion sprain?
Rolling your ankle
