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types of immunity Flashcards

1
Q

ability to resist damage from foreign
substances.
it can protect against microbes, toxins, and cancer
cells.

A

IMMUNITY

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2
Q

present at birth
• defense against any pathogen
• accomplished by physical barriers, chemical mediators,
cells, inflammatory response

A

INNATE IMMUNITY

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3
Q

First line of defense
• Skin and mucous membranes act as barriers to pathogens
and toxins
• Tears, saliva, urine wash away pathogens and toxins

A

PHYSICAL BARRIERS

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4
Q

chemicals that can kill microbes
and prevent their entry into cells

A

CHEMICAL MEDIATORS

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5
Q

found in tears and saliva to kill bacteria

A

LYSOZYME

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6
Q

prevent entry of microbes

A

MUCUOS MEMBRANES

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7
Q

promote inflammation by causing vasodilation

A

HISTAMINE

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8
Q

promote inflammation by causing vasodilation

A

HISTAMINE

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9
Q

proteins that protect against viral infections by stimulating
surrounding cells to produce antiviral proteins

A

INTERFERONS

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10
Q

produced in red bone marrow and lymphatic tissues
fight foreign substances

A

WBC

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11
Q

ingest and destroy foreign substances
• Example—neutrophils and macrophages

A

PHAGOCYTIC CELLS

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12
Q

first to respond to infection but die quickly

A

NEUTROPHILS

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13
Q

produced in red bone marrow
• release chemicals to reduce inflammation

A

EOSINOPHILS

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14
Q

• made in red bone marrow
• leave blood and enter infected tissues
• can release histamine

A

BASOPHILS

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15
Q

• initially were monocytes
• leave blood and enter tissues
• can ingest more than neutrophils
• protect lymph in lymph nodes and blood in spleen and
liver
• given specific names for certain areas of body (Kupffer
cells in liver)

A

MACROPHAGES

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16
Q

• made in red bone marrow
• found in skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, urogenital tract
• can release leukotrienes

A

MAST CELLS

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17
Q

Natural Killer Cells:
• type of lymphocyte
• produce in red bone marrow
• recognize classes of cells such as tumor cells or virus
infected cells
• release chemicals which lyse cells

A

NATURAL KILLER CELLS

18
Q

• involves chemicals and cells produced due to injury
• signaled by presence of foreign substance
• stimulates release of chemical mediators

A

INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

19
Q

is defense that involves specific
recognition to a specific antigen.
This immunity:
• is acquired after birth
• reacts when innate defenses don’t work
• slower than innate immunity
• has memory
• uses lymphocytes (B and T cells)
• 2 types antibody-mediated and cell-mediated

A

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

20
Q

substance that stimulates an immune response
• Example—bacteria, virus, pollen, food, drugs

A

ANTIGEN

21
Q

• molecule produced by the person’s body that stimulates
an immune system response

A

SELF ANTIGEN

22
Q

proteins the body produces in response to an antigen

A

ANTIBODY

23
Q

• Live in red bone marrow
• give rise to all blood cells
• give rise to some pre-T cells and pre-B cells

A

STEM CELLS

24
Q

• type of white blood cell
• involved in adaptive immunity
• develop from stem cells
• differentiate into specific lymphocytes such as B or T cells

A

LYMPHOCYTES

25
Q

• type of lymphocytes
• involved in antibody-mediated immunity
• originate from stem cells
• mature in red bone marrow
• move to lymphatic tissue after mature
• lead to production of antibodies

A

B CELLS

26
Q

• type of lymphocyte
• involved primarily in cell-mediated immunity but also
participate in antibody-mediated immunity
• mature in thymus gland
• move to lymphatic tissue after mature
• 4 types

A

T CELLS

27
Q

• contain binding sites for antigens
• specific for certain antigens
• hold and present a processed antigen on the surface of
the cell membrane
• bind to antigen receptor on B or T cells and stimulate
response

A

THE MHC MOLECULE

28
Q

proteins secreted by a cell that regulates neighboring cells
• Example—interleukin 1 released by macrophages
stimulates helper T cells

A

CYTOKINES

29
Q

effective against antigens in body fluids (blood and lymph)
• effective against bacteria, viruses, toxins
• uses B cells to produce antibodies

A

ANTIBODY MEDIATED IMMUNITY

30
Q

• 80 to 85% in serum
• activates compliment and increases phagocytosis
• can cross the placenta and provide protection to the fetus
• responsible for Rh reactions, such as hemolytic disease of
the newborn

A

igG

31
Q

5 to 10% in serum
• activates compliment
• acts as an antigen binding receptor on the surface of B
cells
• responsible for transfusion reactions in the ABO blood
system
• often the first antibody produced in response to an antigen

A

igM

32
Q

• 15% in serum
• secreted into saliva, into tears, and onto mucous
membranes
• protects body surfaces
• found in colostrum and milk to provide immune protection
to the newborn

A

igA

33
Q

• 0.002% in serum
• binds to mast cells and basophils and stimulates the
inflammatory response

A

igE

34
Q

• 0.2% in serum
• functions as an antigen-binding receptor on B cells

A

igD

35
Q

• produce antibodies
• 3 to 14 days to produce enough antibody to be effective
against antigen
• meanwhile person develops disease symptoms

A

PLASMA CELLS

36
Q

used against antigens in cells
and tissues.
• It is effective against intracellular bacteria, viruses, fungi,
and protozoa.
• It uses different types of T cells.

A

CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

37
Q

• activate macrophages
• help form B cells
• promote production of Tc

A

HELPER T CELLS

38
Q

precursor to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)

A

CYTOTOXIC T CELLS

39
Q

• natural exposure to antigens causes production of
antibodies
• can be lifelong immunity
• Example—mononucleosis

A

ACTIVE (NATURALLY ACQUIRED IMMUNITY)

40
Q

• injection of antigens using vaccines which cause the
production of antibodies
• immunization is a process of introducing killed, live, or
inactivated pathogen

A

ACTIVE (ARTIFICIALLY ACQUIRED IMMUNITY)

41
Q

• injection of antibodies from another person or animal

A

PASSIVE (Artificially acquired immunity)

anaphy lec (2 decks)

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