Types of HIV and HIV Testing (2) Flashcards
What is Plasma?
The single largest component of human blood, comprising about 55 percent, containing water, salts, enzymes, antibodies, and other proteins.
Can HIV be detected in Plasma?
Yes, through a plasma viral load test (PVL test) that measures the amount of HIV in your blood.
What does viral load refer to?
The amount of the virus in the blood.
What are the three different PVL tests used?
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test
- Branched-chain DNA (bDNA) test
- Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) test
What is the importance of keeping a low PVL level?
It helps you feel well and reduces the risk of transmitting HIV.
What is the window period in HIV testing?
The period between entry of HIV into the body and the production of antibodies by the host, typically ranging from 6 to 12 weeks.
What is seroconversion?
The period during which the body starts producing detectable levels of HIV antibodies.
What symptoms may indicate seroconversion?
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Sore throat
- Headache
- Body aches
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Rash
What is the goal of HIV testing?
To determine a person’s HIV status and facilitate appropriate treatment and prevention strategies.
What is a false-positive result?
When a person who doesn’t have HIV receives a positive result after being tested.
What is a false-negative result?
When a person who has HIV receives a negative result after being tested.
What are the primary components of the HIV testing service package?
- Pre-test session
- HIV test
- Post-test session
- Referral and linkage to other health services
- Assessment of other health-related conditions
What is the recommended routine for HIV testing according to the CDC?
Routine testing for adolescents and adults aged 13 to 64 in all health care settings, all women during pregnancy, and newborns of HIV-positive women.
What are the two types of HIV currently recognized?
- HIV-1
- HIV-2
What is the predominant type of HIV worldwide?
HIV-1.
What are the three types of HIV diagnostic tests?
- Nucleic acid tests (NAT)
- Antigen/antibody tests
- Antibody tests
What does a Nucleic Acid Test (NAT) look for?
The actual virus in the blood.
When can a Nucleic Acid Test typically detect HIV infection?
10 to 33 days after an exposure.
What do Antigen/antibody tests detect?
Both HIV antibodies and antigens.
How long can Antigen/antibody tests take to detect HIV infection after exposure?
18 to 45 days after an exposure.
What do Antibody tests look for?
Antibodies to HIV in blood or oral fluid.
How long can Antibody tests take to detect HIV infection after exposure?
23 to 90 days after an exposure.
What is the difference between HIV-1 and HIV-2 in terms of transmissibility?
HIV-2 is less transmissible than HIV-1.
What are circulating recombinant forms (CRFs)?
Hybrid forms resulting from the combination of two or more subtypes of HIV.
What is the recommended HIV self-testing method?
Using approved rapid diagnostic tests that utilize either finger stick whole blood or oral fluid.
What is the purpose of post-test counseling?
To communicate test results, assess understanding, discuss referrals, and develop risk reduction plans.
