Types Of Formula

Question 1

General formula

Answer 1

An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds.

Question 2

Empirical formula

Answer 2

The simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 3

Molecular formula

Answer 3

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Question 4

Structural formula

Answer 4

Shows the atoms carbon by carbon, with the attached hydrogens and functional groups

Question 5

Skeletal formula

Answer 5

Shows the ones of the carbon skeleton only, with any functional groups. The hydrogen and carbon atoms aren’t shown.

Question 6

Displayed formula

Answer 6

Shows how all the atoms are arranged, and all the bonds between them

Question 7

Homologous series

Answer 7

series of compounds (hydrocarbons) with the same general formula and functional group and similar chemical properties

Question 8

what can be used in general formulas to work out molecular formula

Answer 8

homologous compounds

Question 9

functional group

Answer 9

reactive part of a molecule

Question 10

homologous series - table

Answer 10

alkanes -ane
branched alkanes -alkyl
alkenes - ene
halogenoalkanes fluoro-/chloro-/bromo-/iodo-
alcohols -ol
aldehydes --al
ketones -one
carboxylic acids - oic acids
esters - oate-
amines - amine
amides - amide
acyl chloride -oyl chloride 
cycloalkanes - cycle/ -ane
arenes -benezene

Question 11

what do isomers have

Answer 11

the same molecular formula but differently arranged atoms

Question 12

there are two types of isomers you need to know

Answer 12

• structural isomers

- stereoisomers

Question 13

structural isomers

Answer 13

different structural arrangements of atoms

Question 14

three types of structural isomers

Answer 14

chain - diff arrangements of the carbon skeleton. some are straight chains and others branched in different ways

positional - same skeleton and the same atoms or groups of atoms attached. the difference is the atom or group of atoms is attached to a different carbon atom

functional - same atoms arranged into different functional group

Question 15

general formula of cyclocalkane

Answer 15

CnH2n

Question 16

why are cycloalkanes saturated

Answer 16

The saturated hydrocarbons not only form only carbon-to-hydrogen bonds, rather than the carbon-to-carbon bonds that have to then have added hydrogen atoms.These alkanes have to prefix “cyclo” due to the configuration of rings of carbon atoms in their structure

Question 17

cyclopropane

Answer 17

C3H6 - ch2, ch2, h2c

Question 18

cyclobutane

Answer 18

C4H8 - h2c, ch2, ch2, h2c

Question 19

cyclopentane

Answer 19

C5H10 h2c, ch2, ch2, h2c, h2c

Question 20

cyclohexane

Answer 20

C6H12 h2c, ch2, ch2, ch2, h2c, h2c

Question 21

stem - number of carbons

Answer 21

1 - meth 
2 - eth 
3 - prop
4 - but 
5 - pent 
6 - hex
7- hept

Question 22

what part of the molecule gives you the end name

Answer 22

main functional group

Question 23

IUPAC rules

Answer 23

1. the agreed International language of chemistry. Organic compounds used to be given whatever names but that caused confusion.
2. the iupac system means scientific ideas can be communicated across the globe more effectively

Question 24

alkene formula

Answer 24

CnH2n

Question 25

alkenes

Answer 25

ethene c2h4 eth-1-ene
propene c3h6 prop-?-ene
butene c4h8 but-?-ene
pentene c5h10 pent-?-ene

Question 26

E/Z isomers are also known as

Answer 26

geometric isomerism

Question 27

what do alkenes have

Answer 27

restricted rotation around the carbon-carbon double bonds.
means if both double bond carbons have different atoms or groups attached, the arrange,emt of those groups around the double bond are important (get two stereoisomers).

Question 28

Z-isomer

Answer 28

the same side

Question 29

E-isomer

Answer 29

opposite side

Question 30

what do you use when groups are different for E/Z isomerism to still work

Answer 30

cahn-ingold-prelog priority rules (CIP)