Types of force interactions

Question 1

Explain the two forms of matter.

Answer 1

There are two forms of matter: particles and fields.
~Particle form of matter can exist in solid, liquid, gas, or plasma phase.
~Fields are governed by force interactions. There are 4 types of force interactions.
Gravitational
Electromagnetic
Strong
Weak
*The two different types of matter can mutually transform. Ex: an electromagnetic wave is created when a particle and its antiparticle collide. (particle →field)

Question 2

What are the types of force interactions?

Answer 2

Force Interactions:
~Electromagnetic interaction occurs between electric charges
~Strong interaction occurs between quarks in atomic nuclei
~Weak interaction causes attractive forces between particles
~Gravitational interaction causes attractive forces between bodies

Question 3

What is exchange character?

Answer 3

~Force interactions in all types of fields possess exchange character meaning that they are realised when an exchange of energy quanta occurs. Basic Bose particles represent excitation in each field.

Question 4

What are the corresponding Bose particles for each force interactions?

Answer 4

~Corresponding Bose particles for each force interaction:
Electromagnetic field – Photon
Strong interaction – Gluons (three different colors)
Weak interaction – W+, W- and Zº particles
Gravitational field – hypothetical Graviton

Question 5

Explain the force interactions in relation to one another.

Answer 5

*The strength of the forces created due to these force interactions is dependent on distance.
~At distances corresponding to the size of the atomic nuclei (about 10^-15 m) the relative ratios of the strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational interactions are
1 : 10-3 : 10-15 : 10-40
~For this reason, the structure of atomic nuclei is mainly determined by the strong interaction, whereas the gravitational interaction becomes the most important interaction at large distances.