Types of Figurative Languages, Poems, and Sonnets Flashcards
A figure of speech that compares two unlike things and uses the words “like” or “as.”
Ex. The boy was as brave as a lion in the jungle.
Simile
Compares two things that are not alike that do not use the words “like” or “as.”
Ex. Love is a battlefield.
Metaphor
An exaggeration that is created to emphasize a point or bring out a sense of humor.
Ex. I have told you a million times to wash the dishes.
Hyperbole
Gives human characteristics to non-living objects.
Ex. April is the cruelest month of the year.
Personification
Uses one part to refer to the whole, or the whole to refer to the part.
Ex. Set of wheels refers to a car
Synecdoche
Names something or an action by imitating the sound associated with it.
Ex. The fireplace heater hissed and cracked.
Onomatopoeia
Use of a linked term to stand in for an object or concept.
Ex. The pen is mightier than the sword.
Pen stands for the written word.
The sword stands for military aggression.
Metonymy
Employed by writers or speakers to intentionally make a situation seem less important than it really is.
Ex. He is not too thin. Describing an obese person
Understatement
Employs an understatement by using double negatives or a positive statement expressed by negating its opposite expressions.
Ex. They do not seem the happiest couple around.
Litotes
Emphasizes the idea of contrast by parallel structures of the contrasted phrases or clauses.
Ex. Speech is silver, but silence is gold.
Antithesis
An address to the absent as if present or the inanimate as if human
Ex. Oh Liberty! How many crimes are committed in thy name.
Apostrophe
Contradictory statements or situations reveal a reality that is different from what appears to be true.
Ex. Telling a rude customer to “have a nice day”
Irony
From Greek word paradoxon which means “contrary to expectations, existing belief, or perceived opinion.”
Ex. Your enemy’s friend is your enemy.
Paradox
Pairing two words together that are opposing and/or contradictory.
Ex. Same difference
Oxymoron
An object representing another to give an entirely different meaning that is much deeper and more significant.
Ex. Dove as a symbol of peace
Symbol
A brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing, or idea of historical, cultural, literary, or political significance.
Ex. “Don’t act like a Romeo in front of her.” - Romeo is a reference to Shakespeare’s Romeo, a passionate lover of Juliet in Romeo and Juliet.
Allusion
A figure of sound in which a number of words, having the same first consonant sound occur close together in a series.
Ex. But a better butter makes a batter better.
Alliteration
A figure of sound in which the repetition of similar vowel sounds takes place in two or more words in proximity to each other within a line of poetry or prose.
Ex. After a while, crocodile
Assonance
Refers to repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase.
Ex. The ship have sailed far off shore
Consonance
Repetition of similar sounding words occurring at the end of lines in poems or songs.
Ex. Humpty dumpty sat on a wall; Humpty dumpty had a great fall.
Rhyme
This form of poetry describes important events in life either real or imaginary.
Narrative Poetry
3 Types of Narrative Poetry
- Epic
- Metrical Tale
- Ballads
An extended narrative about heroic exploits often under supernatural control.
Ex. The Harvest Song of Aliguyon
Epic
A narrative poetry which is written in verse and can be classified either as a ballad or a metrical romance.
Ex. Bayani ng Bukid
Metrical Tale
Considered as the shortest and simplest narrative poetry.
Ballads
A form of poetry that is meant to be sung to the accompaniment of a lyre, but now this applies to any type of poetry that expresses emotions and feelings to the poet.
Lyrical Poetry
These are short poems intended to be sung.
Ex. Chit Chirit Chit
Folksongs
A lyric poem of 14 lines dealing with an emotion, a feeling, or an idea.
Ex. Santang Buds
Sonnets
This is a lyric poem which expresses feelings of grief and melancholy, and whose theme is death.
Ex. The Lover’s Death
Elegy
This is a poem of a noble feeling, expressed with dignity, with no definite number of syllables or definite number of lines in a stanza.
Ode
This is a song praising God or the Virgin Mary and containing philosophy of life.
Psalms (Dalit)
These have measures of 12 syllables (dodecasyllabic) and slowly sung to the accompaniment of a guitar or banduria.
Ex. Florante at Laura
Awit (Song)
These have measures of eight syllabic and recited to a martial beat.
Ex. Ibong Adarna
Corridos (Kuridos)
An inscription either carved on a tombstone or written with that context in mind.
Epitaph
A pointed lyric noted for its compression and often for its wit.
Epigram
A short poem where the verse is especially musical or there is a marked subjective or emotional tone.
Simple Lyric
10 Types of Lyric Poetry
- Folksongs
- Sonnets
- Elegy
- Ode
- Psalms (Dalit)
- Awit (Song)
- Corridos (Kuridos)
- Epitaph
- Epigram
- Simple Lyric
A written work that both tells and connects the reader to an audience through emotions and behavior. Either performed physically and can either be spoken or sung.
Dramatic Poetry
Comes from the Greek word “komos” meaning festivity or revelry. Usually written with the purpose of amusing, and usually has a happy ending.
Comedy
This is usually used in musical plays with the opera.
Melodrama
This involves the hero struggling mightily against dynamic forces.
Tragedy
This is an exaggerated comedy.
Farce
This form is either purely comic or tragic and it pictures the life of today.
Social Poems
5 Types of Dramatic Poetry
- Comedy
- Melodrama
- Tragedy
- Farce
- Social Poems
6 Types of Sonnets
- Italian Sonnet
- Shakespearean Sonnet
- Spenserian Sonnet
- Miltonic Sonnet
- Terza Rima Sonnet
- Curtal Sonnet
Line of metrical writing and used in poetry
Verse
A type of verse made up of two lines of verse that form a unit alone or as part of a poem, especially two that rhyme and have the same meter
Couplet
A group of three lines of verse that rhyme with each other or with another group of three
Tercet
A form of Japanese poetry with 17 syllables in three unrhymed lines of 5-7-5 syllables, often describing nature or a season
Haiku
Consists of four lines, especially one with lines that rhyme alternatively
Quatrain
Five-line humorous poem with a characteristic rhythm, often with a risque subject
Limerick
Consists of 6 lines, especially the last six lines of a Petrarchan Sonnet
Sestet
Short poem with 14 lines usually 10-syllable rhyming lines divided into two, three, or four sections
Sonnet
Rhyme scheme of English
abab-cdcd-efef-gg
Rhyme scheme of Italian sonnet
abba-abba-cde-cde
This sonnet was introduced by 14th-century Italian poet Francesco Petrarch. Contains active where the theme, problem, hope, or desire is presented and where a resolution or a conclusion is reached. It rhymes abba-abba-cde-cde
Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet
Features of Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet
First eight lines called an octet, and the the remaining six lines are called a sestet; abba-abba-cde-cde
Written in iambic pentameter abab-cdcd-efef-gg; the sonnet present and develop its theme in the first 3 quatrains and states a conclusion in the couplet of the last 2 lines in which there are 10 syllables in each line
Shakespearean Sonnet
The first poet who modified Petrarch’s form, and introduced the rhyme scheme abab-bcbc-cdcd-ee for Spenserian Sonnet
Sir Edmund Spenser
Named after the English poet John Milton, it uses the same rhyme scheme (ABBA-ABBA-CDE-CDE) and structure (an octave and a sestet) of a Petrarchan sonnet. It deals with different themes than the other types of sonnets, though.
Miltonic Sonnet
*14-line poem comprised of four tercets (or three-line stanzas) followed by a couplet (or two-line stanza)
*Rhyme scheme (capitals are refrains): aba/bcb/cdc/ded/ee
*Iambic pentameter (or 10-syllable lines for those who aren’t comfortable with meter)
Terza Rima Sonnet
A curtailed or contracted sonnet. It refers specifically to a sonnet of 11 lines rhyming abcabc dcbdc or abcabc dbcdc with the last line a tail, or half a line.
Curtal Sonnet
5 Functions of Sonnet
- Pastoral
- Dramatic Lyric
- Song
- Villanelle
- Vers de Society
A form of poetic writing derived from Greek and Latin literature which describes the life of shepherds, and represents it as a peaceful and ideal way of life
Pastoral
An emotional monologue or dialogue
Dramatic Lyric
A hymn or any rhymed song
Song
A poem of 19 lines divided into 3-line stanzas and a concluding stanza of four lines.
Villanelle
Occasional and complimentary verses which deals in a witty and polished fashion with subject that on the surface in a very serious manner.
Vers de Society
