types of experiments

Question 1

what are the types of experiments?

Answer 1

• Lab
• Field
• Natural
• Quasi

Question 2

what is a lab experiment?

Answer 2

• the experiment takes place in a controlled environment
• not always a lab (classroom etc)
• the setting control situational variables such as:
  • temperature
  • noise
  • light
  • distractions
  • people present
• extraneous variables: means we can establish cause and effect W->DV
• able to replicate

Question 3

what studies have lab experiment?

Answer 3

• milgram
• zimbardo
• moscivici
• baddeley

Question 4

what are quasi experiments?

Answer 4

• sometimes not possible to carry out true experiments
• this has an IV that is based on existing difference that occurs between people
  • this means that no one has made the IV change, it just happens naturally eg gender, anxiety
• occurs in a lab
• in quasi it is not possible to randomly allocate p’s to groups, this means that the E is less sure whether the IV effected the DV, this may be effected by PV ‘s

Question 5

what is the a field experiment?

Answer 5

• these are carried out in natural settings such as the street, school or at work
• involve direct control of the IV
• p’s are also directly allocated to conditions
• can be replicated
• in natural settings there is less control over EV ‘s
• can allow causal relationship to be detected

Question 6

what study has field experiment?

Answer 6

Bickham eg milkman

Question 7

what is a natural experiments?

Answer 7

• uses the naturally occurring event for research purposes
• the experimenter does not directly manipulate the IV as it is a naturally occurring event
• this type of exp is called natural because the IV would change naturally even if the experiment did not take place
• a natural exp could be conducting in a lab

Question 8

what studies have a natural exp?

Answer 8

Shooting

Question 9

what are the + and - of lab?

Answer 9

(+)
- replicable (standardised procedure)
- control over EV (increases internal validity)
(-)
- demand characteristics
- lacks ecological validity

Question 10

what are the + and - of field?

Answer 10

(+)
• can establish causation
• higher mundane realism
• ecological validity
• unaware of involvement- natural

(-)
• less control over EV’s
• limits internal validity
• ethics- difficult to gain consent

Question 11

what are the + and - of natural?

Answer 11

(+)
• no demand characteristics
• provides opportunity to study unethical events
• high ecological validity- real events

(-)
• no consent (unethical)
• events are rare
• cannot randomly allocate
• p’s may affect DV

Question 12

what are the + and - of quasi?

Answer 12

(+)
• no demand characteristics
• same as lab experiment
(-)
• cannot randomly allocate p’s