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Psych - Reasearch Methods > Types of Experiments > Flashcards

Types of Experiments Flashcards

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1
Q

Advantages and Disadvantage in a Labatory Experiment

A

Adv:
- High degree of control
- east to replicate

Dis:
- Artificial setting (low level of ecological validity)
- High demand Characteristics

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2
Q

What is meant by demand characteristics

A

Pots likely to know they are taking part in an experiment and may alter behaviour

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3
Q

A Field Experiment is carried out in a

A

Natural Environment

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4
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Field Experiment?

A

Adv:
- High ecological validity (findings likely to represent what you’d find in real life setting)
- Ppts less likely to know they are taking part in study less demand characteristics

Dis:
- Lower degree of control over variables
- Hard to replicate

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5
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of a Natural Experiment

A

Adv
- More ecological validity
- Lower demand characteristics

Dis
- low degree of control
- hard to replicate

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6
Q

Explain Quasi Experiments

A

Have an IV that is based on existing differences between people (gender,age)

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7
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of Quasi Experiments

A

Adv:
- More ecological validity (ppts in a natural environment)
- Much lower demand characteristics (natural setting)

Dis:
- Low degree of control
- Hard to replicate

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8
Q

Define Reliability

A

The extent to which a method of measurement or test produces consistent findings

(how easily can another researcher replicate your research and produce similar results)

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9
Q

Define Validity

A

The extent to which a test accurately measures what it claims to measure

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10
Q

Define Internal Validity

A

Whether or not the research measure what it intends to measure

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11
Q

What are the two types of Observations

A

Controlled and Naturalistic

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12
Q

Advantage and Disadvantages of Naturalistic Observations

A

Adv:
- Higher ecological validity
- Fewer ethical issues

Dis :
- More extraneous variables
- Difficult to replicate

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13
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of controlled Observations

A

Adv :
Fewer Extraneous Variables
Easier to replicate

Dis :
- Lower Ecological Validity (situation may not be realistic)
- More ethical issues

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14
Q

Define Overt Observations

A

Ppts are aware that they are being observed

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15
Q

Define Covert Observations

A

Ppts not aware they are being observed

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16
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of Overt Observations

A

Adv:
- Fewer ethical issues

Dis:
- More investigator effects
- More demand characteristics

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17
Q

Advantages and Disadvantage of Covert Observations

A

Adv:
- Fewer Investigator effects
- Fewer Demand Characteristics

Dis
- More ethical issues

18
Q

Define Participant Observations

A

Observer is part of a group being observed

19
Q

Define Non-participant observations

A

Observer is not part of the group being observed

20
Q

Advantages and Disadvantage of Participation observations

A

Adv:
- More insight (may find out more)
- Fewer ethical issues (ppts aware of being observed)

Dis :
- Less objective (observer become biased)

  • Recording difficulties (due to being actively involved in the group)
21
Q

Advantages and Disadvantage of Non-participant observations

A

Adv:
- More objective (less inclined to favour the group)
- Easier to record data

Dis:
- Less insight (important info may be missed)
- More ethical issues (ppts may not be aware of observations)

22
Q

Strengths and Weaknesses of Focus Groups

A

Strength
- Able to explore people’s knowledge and experiences
- Natural/Comfortable environment
- Quick and Convenient way of collecting a lot of information from alot of people

Weaknesses
- no intimate data from ppts
- anonymity and confidentiality

23
Q

Explain Random Sampling

A

Every member of the target population an equal chance of being chosen

24
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of Random Sampling

A

Adv:
Unbiased

Dis:
May not be representative

25
Q

Explain opportunity sampling

A

Ppts who are both accessible and willing to take part our targeted

26
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of Opportunity Sampling

A

Advantages:
The easiest method and takes less time

Disadvantages:
- Less representative (small section of the target population)
- Investigator bias ( approaching ppts)

27
Q

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of Volunteer Sampling

A

Advantages:
Easier method to use with less initial work

Disadvantages:
- Atypical Respondents

28
Q

Explain advantages and disadvantages of Stratified Sampling

A
29
Q

What is Stratified Sampling

A

All of the names of the people in the target population are needed (Electoral register)

30
Q

Advantages and Disadvantage of Stratified Sampling

A

Adv:
This method produces a representative sample because it is designed to accurately reflect the composition of the population

Dis:
Very time consuming and difficult to do
-

31
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Snowball sampling

A

Advantages: It allows for studies to take place where otherwise it might be impossible to conduct because of lack of ppts

Disadvantages: The obtained sample may be biased

32
Q

Advantages and Disadvantage of Systematic Sampling

A

Advantages: This is typically unbiased as ppts are selected using an objective system (every nth perosn)

Disadvantages:
Not truly random

33
Q

Explain Purposive sampling

A

non-probability sample that is selected based on the characteristics of a population and the objective of a study.

34
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of Purposive Sampling

A

Advantages
Easy way to choose a more representation sample

Disadvantages
Could be biased as it’s subjective

35
Q

What are the 6 main ethical issues

A

Informed Consent
Deception
Protection from Harm
Right to withdraw
Confidentiality
Privacy

36
Q

Explain ethical issues : Informed Consent

A
  • voluntary informed consent
  • must be informed about the purpose of the research, what will be required
  • full consent to take part in the study
37
Q

Explain ethical issue : Protection From Harm

A
  • protected from both physical and psychological harm
  • ppts should be the same state. they were before
38
Q

Explain ethical issue: Confidentiality

A
  • ppts right to have personal information protected
39
Q

Explain ethical issue: Privacy

A
  • Do not except to be observed by others in certain situations
40
Q

Explain ethical issue : Right to withdraw

A
  • free to withdraw at any time and have their data destroyed

Psych - Reasearch Methods (1 decks)

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