Types of experiment

Question 1

What are the 4 types of experiment?

Answer 1

• Laboratory
• Field
• Natural
• Quasi

Question 2

What is a lab experiment?

Answer 2

An experiment that takes place in a controlled environment within which the researcher manipulates the IV and records the effect on the DV, whilst maintaining strict control of the extraneous variable.

Question 3

What is a Quasi experiment?

Answer 3

An experiment where the independent variable can’t be manipulated and randomly allocated to groups because it’s a personal characteristic of the participants.

Question 4

What is a field experiment?

Answer 4

An experiment that takes place in a natural setting within which the researcher manipulates the IV and records the effect on the DV.

Question 5

What is a natural experiment?

Answer 5

An experiment where the independent variable isn’t manipulated and so cant’t be randomly allocated because manipulating the IV would be practical or unethical. So the IV is an event that has already happened

Question 6

Lab experiments AO3

Answer 6

*High control over variables, leading to high internal validity. So, can establish cause and effect relationship between the IV and DV.

• Low ecological validity

Question 7

Field experiments AO3

Answer 7

• Higher ecological validity, because they’re conducted in an everyday life setting

*Researchers have less control over EVs, so the study has lower internal validity.
*Harder to establish cause and effect.

Question 8

Quasi experiment AO3

Answer 8

• Enable researchers to study IV that can’t be studied in laboratory or field experiments

*Participants can’t be randomly allocated to groups
*Uncontrolled participants variables may act as confounding variables
*Low internal validity

Question 9

Natural experiments AO3

Answer 9

*Can study IVs that would be unethical or impractical to manipulate

*Little control over extraneous variables, so the study has low internal validity —> difficult to establish cause and effect

Question 10

What are the types of experimental design?

Answer 10

*Matched pairs
* Independent groups
* Repeated measures

Question 11

What is a matched pairs design?

Answer 11

Pairs of participants are first matched on a variable or some variables relevant to the experiment. Then one member of the pair is assigned to Condition A and the other to Condition B.
This is an attempt to control for the confounding variable of participant variables.

Question 12

What is an independent group design?

Answer 12

Participants are allocated up different groups where each group represents one experimental condition.

Question 13

What is a repeated measures design?

Answer 13

All participants take part in all conditions of the experiment.

Question 14

Matched pairs design AO3

Answer 14

*By matching for some participant variables, we control for these variables.
*High internal validity.

*Time consuming.
*Can’t match participants on every possible participant variable.

Question 15

Repeated measures design AO3

Answer 15

• Participants are more likely to respond to demand characteristics
• Order effects- when the order of the experimental conditions influence the results of the study
  *We deal with order effects with counterbaklabn