types of experiment Flashcards

1
Q

where are lab experiments conducted?

A

in highly controlled environments/artificial settings

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2
Q

true or false?
lab experiments are always conducted in a lab

A

false

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3
Q

why may having a highly controlled environment be a weakness? (lab)

A

may lack generalisability due to the artificial setting - participants could act unusually in an unfamiliar context

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4
Q

why is replication more possible in a highly controlled environment? (lab)

A

there is high control, which ensures that new extraneous variables aren’t introduced when repeating experiments

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5
Q

name another strength of lab experiments

A

there is high control over extraneous variables - researcher can ensure that any effect on DV is likely to be the result of manipulation of the IV, not EVs

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6
Q

why may lab experiments have low mundane realism?

A

experiment tasks may not represent real-life experience

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7
Q

name another weakness of lab experiments

A

participants are usually aware they’re being tested - may give rise to unnatural behaviour

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8
Q

what happens in a field experiment?

A

IV is manipulated in a natural, more everyday setting

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9
Q

give an example of a natural setting (field)

A

school/home

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10
Q

name a strength of field experiments

A

there is higher mundane realism than lab experiments, because the environment is more natural - participants may be unaware that they’re being studied, therefore behaviour produced may be more authentic + valid

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11
Q

why can field experiments produce more valid behaviour?

A

participants may be unaware that they’re being studied

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12
Q

name 2 weaknesses of field experiments

A

ethical issues - participants may be unaware they’re being studied, therefore cannot give consent

increased realism may lead to loss of control of extraneous variables - cause + effect between IV + DV may be more difficult to establish + precise replication often isn’t possible

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13
Q

what is a natural experiment?

A

researcher takes advantage of a pre-exisiting, natural IV

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14
Q

true or false?
the IV is natural, not the setting (natural)

A

true

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15
Q

name 2 strengths of natural experiments

A

participants may not know they’re being studied, therefore behaviour is more natural

less artificial than lab experiments

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16
Q

why do natural experiments often have high external validity?

A

they involve the study of real-life issues as they happen

17
Q

name 2 weaknesses of natural experiments

A

naturally-occurring event may happen rarely, reducing opportunities for research - may also limit scope for generalising findings to other similar situations

deception is often used, making informed consent more difficult

18
Q

true or false?
the variable would’ve changed even if the experimenter wasn’t interested (natural)

19
Q

what do quasi experiments have?

A

an IV that is based on an existing difference between people (e.g. age/gender)

20
Q

true or false?
the IV has been manipulated in a quasi experiment

A

false - no one has manipulated the IV, it just simply exists

21
Q

name 2 strengths of quasi experiments

A

often carried out under controlled conditions

often less artificial than lab studies, therefore more likely to be able to generalise results to real life

22
Q

name 2 weaknesses of quasi experiments

A

can’t randomly allocate participants to conditions, therefore confounding variables may arise

can be hard to establish cause + effect because IV isn’t being directly manipulated