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Principles of Criminal Investigations > Types of Evidence > Flashcards

Types of Evidence Flashcards

1
Q

What type of fingerprints are taken when collected in a controlled environment?

A

Full image of fingerprints. Nail line to nail line for each finger.

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2
Q

The ability to collect/lift fingerprints on a crime scene is dependent upon:

A

-Material surface
-Moisture/Temperature
-Sliding/Smudges

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3
Q

A lifted fingerprint is referred to as what?

A

A Latent Fingerprint

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4
Q

A latent fingerprint is a partial or full print?

A

Partial

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5
Q

What is the most common technique to locate and lift fingerprints?

A

Dusting

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6
Q

Dusting

A

Soft brush, dust a graphite powder over a surface, oil from fingerprints adheres to the powder, life the print with an adhesive

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7
Q

National database for fingerprints

A

AFIS. Automated Fingerprints Identification System

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8
Q

Who maintains AFIS?

A

FBI

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9
Q

Limitations of Fingerprint Evidence

A

-Number of fingerprints
-Quality of latent
-Time consuming

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10
Q

Strengths of AFIS

A

-75% of adults have a fingerprint in the system
-Comparing a full image to another full image is very effective in the system

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11
Q

Weaknesses of AFIS

A

Comparing a full image to a partial print - a pointer system, still requires an expert to make direct matches

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12
Q

Most common Impression Evidence

A

-Shoe markings/footprints
-Tire markings

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13
Q

Shoe markings are collected as what?

A

A cast

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14
Q

Strengths of Impressions of Shoe Markings

A

-People tend to keep their shoes for a really long time
-Bottom of shoe is very unique
-If you can find the suspects show you can do one to one comparison with the wear marks

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15
Q

Weakness of Impressions of Shoe Markings

A

-No database for shoes
-Only works for one to one comparison, meaning you have to find the shoe in order for this to work

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16
Q

Strengths of Tire Impressions

A

-through expert determine width of the ture
-manufacture and model of tire by the tread
-if you can find the suspect tire you can compare to tire and do a one to one comparison

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17
Q

Limitations of Tire Impressions

A

-No national tire database
-Only be used in a one to one comparison, meaning you must identify tire
-In a skid, you loose the ability to make a one to one comparison

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18
Q

Ballistic Evidence

A

Captures and digitally photographs the fine markings, stripes and other markings on bullets and cartridges that are created during the process of firing a gun

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19
Q

National database for bullets and casings

A

NIBIN. National Integrated Ballistic Information Network

20
Q

Who maintains NIBIN?

A

ATF. Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms

21
Q

Cartridge Components

A

-Projective (bullet)
-Casing
-Propellant
-Ignition (primer)

22
Q

Cartridge

A

An unfired round of ammunition

23
Q

Bullet/Projectile

A

The projectile, comes out of the gun

24
Q

Casing

A

To hold the bullet in the case before it is fired

25
Q

Primer

A

The bottom of the casing, small silver disk, ignition switch

26
Q

Two types of handguns

A

-Semi-Automatic Pistol
-Revolver

27
Q

Rifiling Effect

A

Grooves that are carved into the barrel of the gun, spins the bullet that allows the bullet to travel in a straight line, increases the accuracy

28
Q

3 Points of Comparison of a Semi-Automatic Pistol

A

-Firing pin marks (bottom of casing)
-Ejection marks (side of casing)
-Bullet (lands and grooves)

29
Q

What comparison of a semi-automatic pistol easiest to compare?

A

Primer/Firing Pin Marks

30
Q

Does the casing eject or stay in a semi-automatic pistol?

A

Eject

31
Q

Does the casing eject in a revolver?

A

No, it stays in the cylinder of the gun

32
Q

What is the only point of comparison on a revolver?

A

Land and groove marks on the bullet

33
Q

T/F. Revolvers have a riffling effect.

A

True

34
Q

Limitation of a revolver

A

Only 5 -6 shots can be made before reloading

35
Q

How do bullets eliminate the possibility of comparison?

A

When bullets are fired they become compressed and distorted after coming into contact with a hard object

36
Q

Do shot guns have a rifling effect?

A

No

37
Q

What is the point of comparison for a shotgun?

A

The firing pin marking on the primer

38
Q

How does a casing eject in a shotgun?

A

Requires manually pumping

39
Q

T/F. A rifle has the same points of comparison as a semi-automatic pistol.

A

True

40
Q

T/F. Submachine guns work the same way as a rifle

A

F. They work the same way as a semi-automatic pistol.

41
Q

Are submachine guns accurate?

A

No, due to their short barrel

42
Q

How can you usually tell when a submachine gun was used in a crime?

A

There are lots of rounds among the scene

43
Q

T/F. Gun shot residue is traceable

A

F. It is completely untraceable

44
Q

What does gun residue tell us?

A

Tells us when someone has recently fired a gun

45
Q

When is gun residue most reliable?

A

Most reliable when a person is stopped right after the crime and close the crime scene

Principles of Criminal Investigations (3 decks)

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