Types of disabilities Flashcards
In this section, you will learn about the different types of disabilities as well as what you need to consider for each disability as a web designer, developer, quality assurance professional, or project manager.
List
Types of disabilities
- Blind
- Low Vision
- Color-blind
- Deaf
- Deafblind
- Motor Disabilities
- Speech Disabilities
- Cognitive Disabilities
- Reading Disabilities
- Seizures
- Multiple Disabilities
List
Speach disabilities
Item 7
- Stuttering
- Cluttering
- Apraxia
- Dysarthria
- Speech sound disorders
- Phonemic disorders
- Non-vocal
Explain the disability
Stuttering
Item 7
A speech disability that affects the fluency of speech sounds. Words or parts of words may be involuntarily repeated, speech sounds may be prolonged, or speech sounds may be stopped or blocked completely
Explain the disability
Cluttering
Item 7
A speech disability, sometimes categorized as a language disability. A disability that affects the fluency of speech. Cluttering consists of rapid speech that may be inconsistent in rhythm and lack syntax, or grammar. Speech may be clear at first, but it increases at a quick rate. Slurred speech may also occur.
Explain the disability
Apraxia
Item 7
A motor speech disability that occurs when a person has difficulty using muscles for speech production to form sounds of words. It may take a person several attempts to say the correct word.
Explain the disability
Dysarthria
Item 7
A motor speech disability that occurs due to brain damage. The muscles for speech production are impaired, causing slurred speech, slow speech, mumbling, or a voice that may sound hoarse or breathy.
Explain the disability
Speech sound disorders
Item 7
Disorders where certain sounds of speech may be difficult to produce, specifically consonant sounds. They are generally categorized as articulation disorders or phonemic disorders.
Explain the disability
Articulation disorders
Item 7
Involve the difficulty in physically producing speech sounds. As a result, certain speech sounds may be either omitted or added, substituted for other sounds, or sound distorted.
Explain the disability
Phonemic disorders
Item 7
Involve the difficulty of distinguishing speech sounds in languages. Only a few sounds may be used, thus affecting word meaning. For example, the words “call” and “tall” may both be pronounced as “tall” though the person may be attempting to use the word “call” and its meaning in his or her statement.
Explain the disability
Non-vocal
Item 7
The complete inability to produce a speaking voice.
Explain
Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)
Item 7
Augmentative and Alternative Communication, or AAC, is comprised of all of the different types of communication outside of oral communication people with speech disabilities can use to express themselves. Those with severe speech disabilities may use AAC to either supplement their speech or replace their speech altogether. There are two different types of AAC people with speech disabilities can use: unaided AAC or aided AAC.
Communication Options for speach disabilities
Explain
Unaided AAC
Item 7
Unaided augmentative and alternative communication systems do not rely on the use of external tool, but rely on nonverbal communication like body language, facial expressions, gestures, and sign language.
Communication Options for speach disabilities
Explain
Aided AAC
Item 7
Aided augmentative and alternative communication systems rely on the use of an electronic or non-electronic tool and the person’s body. Tools can range communication books and boards, pen and paper to electronic devices that produce computer-generated voices. Communication aids that do not require electricity are referred to as low-tech communication aids. Those that do require electricity are high-tech communication aids and often allow people to store and retrieve messages.
Communication Options for speach disabilities
Screen readers
Item 1
Screen readers convert the text on the web page into spoken words. Blind people listen to web pages.
Design Considerations for
Blindness
Item 1
- All content must be presented in text or via a text equivalent (e.g., alt text for images or other non-text objects).
- Information must not be conveyed by visual attributes alone
- All functionality must be available using only the keyboard
- The content must use markup with good structure and semantics
- All custom controls must have the correct name/label, role, and value, and must change value when appropriate
- Users must receive immediate feedback after all actions, via their screen reader. Silence after activating a feature is always bad!
- Videos require audio descriptions if the video’s original audio track does not explain everything that a person who is blind would need to know to understand the video.
- On mobile devices:
- All features require a click action.
- Custom swipe actions on web pages will not work with the screen reader turned on.
