Types of Culture Flashcards
What is cultural diversity?
Cultural diversity refers to the differences and variety found in societies.
It encompasses both intercultural and intracultural diversity.
What are the two types of cultural diversity?
- Intercultural diversity
- Intracultural diversity
Intercultural diversity refers to differences between cultures, while intracultural diversity refers to differences within a single culture.
Define intercultural diversity.
Intercultural diversity refers to differences between cultures.
Give an example of intercultural diversity.
Margaret Mead’s study of the Hamar tribe and the Ik.
These tribes exhibit distinct cultural norms that may differ from other cultures.
Define intracultural diversity.
Intracultural diversity refers to differences within cultures.
What is an example of ethnic diversity in the UK?
Approximately 9% of the UK population is made up of minority ethnic groups.
These groups often maintain aspects of their mother culture while integrating into wider British culture.
What is social class diversity?
Social class diversity refers to the different socioeconomic groups in Britain, such as upper class, middle class, and working class.
What is regional diversity in the UK?
Regional diversity refers to the different traditions, customs, and norms found in key regions of the UK like Northern and Southern England, Scotland, and Wales.
Each region has unique cultural traits.
What is sexual diversity?
Sexual diversity refers to the emergence of visible gay and lesbian subcultures and social scenes in large British cities.
This has resulted from the decriminalization of homosexuality and liberalization of social attitudes.
What is high culture?
High culture refers to the cultural products and activities that are associated with the elite or upper class.
Examples include classical music, fine arts, and literature.
What is popular culture?
Popular culture refers to the mainstream cultural products and activities that are widely accepted and enjoyed by the general public.
Examples include pop music, television shows, and social media trends.
What is global culture?
Global culture refers to the cultural practices and beliefs that are shared across the world due to globalization.
It often includes elements like fast food, fashion, and technology.
What is consumer culture?
Consumer culture refers to a societal focus on the acquisition of goods and services as a primary means of achieving personal happiness and social status.
It is heavily influenced by advertising and marketing.
What is political diversity?
Political diversity refers to several political groups whose supporters reject dominant centralist values, including environmental and anti-globalization groups.
What does cultural hybridity mean?
Cultural hybridity is where two or more cultures merge to create a new culture.
How is UK culture described in terms of hybridity?
UK culture is often described as hybrid, containing aspects of English, Scottish, Welsh, Irish, and influences from Asian, Caribbean, US, and European cultures.
What is an example of a hybrid culture in the UK?
‘Brasians’ is an example, mixing British and Asian cultures.
What is a subculture?
A subculture is a culture within a culture, characterized by a smaller grouping of people with distinctive norms and values differing from the wider culture.
What are some examples of subcultures in the UK?
- Youth groups (e.g., punks, emos) * Religious groups (e.g., Scientologists)
- New Age traveller groups
What was the focus of Paul Willis’ study in ‘Learning to Labour’?
Willis studied an all-boys school in Birmingham, focusing on working-class lads who formed an anti-school subculture.
What did Willis find about the ‘lads’ in his study?
They saw themselves as school failures, valued being cheeky, and did not see the necessity of education for their future jobs.
What are the four features of subcultures according to Paul Hodkinson?
- Commitment
- Identity
- Distinctiveness
- Autonomy
What does high culture refer to?
High culture refers to cultural practices associated with the powerful, wealthy, elite, or upper social classes.
Give examples of high culture in Britain.
- Opera
- Ballet
- Theatre
- Fine art
- Classic literature
- Classical music
