Types of Crimes Flashcards
What is White collar crime?
Crime that are committed by people who are in position of power and/or authority that are non-violent and financially motivated.
What are the types of White collar crime?
- Corporate: crime is committed by or on behalf of a company.
(Tax evasion etc.) - Organised: criminal activities that are planned and controlled by powerful groups and carried out by large groups and seeks profit through illegal businesses. (Money laundering etc.)
- Professional: crime is committed by professionals with the intention to benefit themselves.
(Stealing client’s funds etc.)
Who are the Victims of White collar crime?
Victims:
- Consumers
- Tax payers and the Government
- Employees
- The Public
Who are the Offenders of White collar crime?
Offenders:
- Professionals
- Companies
- Individuals
How aware are the public of White collar crime?
Often ‘invisible’.
This is because:
- Media coverage is limited as it is normally not exciting
- It is underreported because people feel it won’t make a difference, don’t know they are a victim and not seen as a real crime
- Complex: difficult to research and discover
- Power and Respectability
What is Moral crime?
Acts that go against society’s norms and moral code, which are not directly violate to other individuals.
Examples of Moral crime?
- Prostitution
- Selling drugs
- Drug use
- Under-age drinking
Who are victims of Moral crime?
Considered victimless.
However, some adults and children can be victims.
Who are the offenders of Moral crime?
Varies on each crime.
How aware is the public of Moral crime?
Varies on each crime.
Little public awareness - buying and selling drugs
High public awareness - begging and under-age drinking
What are State crime?
Illegal or deviant activities that are perpetrated by state agencies.
Examples of State crimes?
- Torture
- Police brutality
- Imprisonment without trial
- War crimes
- Political crimes
Who are the victims of State crime?
Victims:
- Citizens
- Another state
- Members of religious or ethnic minorities
Who are the offenders of State crime?
Offenders:
- State officials
- Militias
- Government
- Can be very senior
How aware are the public of State crime?
Often huge and the public are very aware of the crimes.
However, some states are powerful and can conceal them.
What are Technological crimes?
Crimes that use information and communication technology.
Cyber-crimes and e-crimes.
Examples of Technological crimes
- Financial crimes
- Cyber-trespass
- Identity theft
- Hate crimes
- Illegal downloading
Who are the victims of Technological crimes?
Can be ANYONE.
- vulnerable people are old people and the less education
Who are the offenders of Technological crimes?
Can be ANYONE
How aware are the public of Technological crime?
Awareness varies as we are aware of trolling but identity theft may not be discovered till it’s too late.
What are the types of Individual crimes?
- Hate crime
- Honour crime
- Domestic abuse
What are Hate crimes?
The perpetrator commits a crime because the have hatred towards the victim e.g. religion, race, sexual orientation and identity etc.
What are examples of Hate crime
- Verbal abuse
- Intimidation
- Threats
- Harassment
- Assault
Who are the victims of Hate crimes?
Anyone who has any of the protected characteristics.
Who are the offenders of Hate crimes?
Tend to be people who hold prejudiced attitudes about a group of people.
How aware are the public of Hate crime?
Awareness has been increasing. Due to an increase in reporting, investigating and prosecution.
What are Honour crimes?
Crime which involves violence committed to defend a family or community. Violence that is directed at an individual who has bought shame upon the family.
Examples of Honour crimes
- Forced marriages
- FGM
- Murder
- Assault
Who are the victims of Honour crime?
- Women
- Girls
Who are the offenders of Honour crimes?
Normally the victim’s family and members of their community. Mostly male.
How aware are the public of Honour crime?
Relatively low because communities may see the crimes as justified.
What is Domestic abuse?
The use of violence, abuse and/or threating behaviour against a partner, ex-partner or family member. Hidden crime.
Examples of Domestic abuse
- Physical, sexual assaults and rape
- Financial abuse
- Emotional or psychological abuse
- Controlling behaviour
- Coercive behaviour
Who are the victims of Domestic abuse?
Most victims are females. However, some females are more at risk then others. Males can be victims too though.
Who are the offenders of Domestic abuse?
Mainly males. Usually the partner or ex-partner of the victim.
How aware are the public of Domestic abuse?
Depends on the severity of the domestic abuse.
- Victims can be too scared to report the crime
- Takes place at home
- Feminists are now bringing domestic abuse to the lime-light.
