Types of Crime Flashcards

Crime and Deviance, Types of Crime

1
Q

Crime and Deviance

Criminology

A
  • The study of crime and criminal behaviour.
  • Drawing on other disciplines like sociology to explain cause and prevent crime.
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2
Q

Crime and Deviance

Crime

A
  • An illegal act punishable by law.
  • This can result in criminal proceedings if detected.
  • For example, murder or theft.
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3
Q

Crime and Deviance

Deviance

A
  • Behaviour that does not conform to society’s norms.
  • This leads to negative sanctions if detected.
  • For example, bullying,
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4
Q

Crime and Deviance

Formal Social Control

A
  • Written rules and laws which when broken may result in negative sanctions.
  • For example, it is a crime to kill someone.
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5
Q

Crime and Deviance

Informal Social Control

A
  • Unwritten rules for social norms aimed at ensuring conformity.
  • Deviance is non-conforming behaviour.
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6
Q

Crime and Deviance

Legal Deviance

A
  • Behaviour considered abnormal by most people in society.
  • It is not punishable by law.
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7
Q

Crime and Deviance

Illegal Deviance

A
  • Behaviour that is considered deviant and is punishable by state.
  • E.g. littering may be considered illegal deviance.
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8
Q

Types of Crime

Volume Crime

A
  • Offences whose nature influences society significantly.
  • This is due to the amount and ability of the local police to confront them.
  • For example: robbery, burglary, vehicle related crimes (car theft, speeding), anti-social behaviours (arson without intent, minor assault).
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9
Q

Types of Crime

Major Crime

A
  • Crimes against the person.
  • For example: murder, serious assault, sex offences, abductions.
  • Other complex cases may be assigned as major crime (e.g. preventing the course of justice).
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10
Q

Types of Crime

Classification of Crime

A
  • The legal system divides crime into categories based on the severity.
  • Determines the procedure in court, the type of court and the criminal charge.
  • The mildest crimes are known as summary offences; more serious crimes are triable either way; serious crimes are charged as indictable.
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11
Q

Types of Crime

Summary Crime

A
  • Also known as petty crime.
  • A violation in common laws that can be proceeded without the right to jury trial and/or indictment.
  • These are tried in the Magistrate’s court.
  • For example: disorderly conduct, harassment, public intoxication and underage drinking.
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12
Q

Types of Crime

Indictable Crime

A
  • Offence that a prosecutor can charge by bringing evidence of the alleged crime to grand jury.
  • Often tried before a judge in the crime court.
  • For example, murder.
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13
Q

Types of Crime

Triable Either Way

A
  • A crime that can be tried either as a summary or indictable offence.
  • For example: deception or fraud, theft, bigamy.
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14
Q

Types of Crime

Crimes Against the Person

A
  • A crime that uses, or attempts to use, physical force or other abuse towards another person.
  • This can be considered a summary offence (assault) or indictable crime (homicide, rape).
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15
Q

Types of Crime

Crimes Against Properties

A
  • Crime involving (usually private) property.
  • Property crimes are typically summary offences (but can be indictable depending on severity).
  • For example: burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft, vandalism.
  • Usually performed to obtain money, property or some other benefit.
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16
Q

Types of Crime

Cybercrime

A
  • Criminal activity that targets or uses a computer, computer network or networked device.
  • Most cybercrime is carried out by cybercriminals or “hackers” who want to make money.