Types of Communicative Strategy

Question 1

• To successfully and productively accomplish this, he must be communicatively competent. Communicative competence is attained when the person recognizes the importance of understanding the speech context, speech style, speech act and communicative strategy being utilized in a particular communication situation

Answer 1

COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY

Question 2

When engaging in a conversation we normally propose or suggest a topic or issue that we want to talk about.
When we do this we are nominating a topic or subject for discussion.

Examples:
• Why don’t we talk about

Answer 2

NOMINATION

Question 3

• ———- refers to limiting the topic or subject in conversation. This sometimes happens when the person wants to focus on a certain aspect of the issue under deliberation or when time to discuss it is very short.
Examples:
• Let us focus on

Answer 3

2. RESTRICTION

Question 4

• In conversation, turn-taking refers to conventions in which participants allow appropriate opportunities for others to talk or the manner in which an orderly conversation normally takes place. A turn is the time when a speaker is talking and turn-taking is the skill of knowing when to start and finish a turn in conversation.

Answer 4

3. TURN-TAKING

Question 5

• It means regulating or manipulating the topic of conversation and how long we want other person may talk. When we want to elicit specific information from a conversation, we need to be in control of what is said and when.

Tips on how you can do this:
• 1. Control answering of questions. Do not answer all the questions ask by the persons you are conversing with.
Do not ange a the
• 2. Initiate new topics introduce a new topic for discussion.
• 3. Manage the process. Know how and what to control when communicating.
• 4. Handle the small talk. Small talks can lead to big talks.
Always remember to start at the beginning.

Answer 5

4. TOPIC CONTROL

Question 6

• This communication strategy refers to changing the subject in a conversation because the persons involved in the conversation do not find the current topic interesting. It means that in a conversation they do not only talk about one topic from the beginning until the end, but they shift or change from one topic to another.
Several expressions in changing the topic in conversation are:
• By the way…
• Incidentally….
• To follow up…
• Coming back to…
• Going back to…
• Let us go back…
• Let me bring you back to…
• I would not like to discuss/talk about

Answer 6

5. TOPIC SHIFTING

Question 7

• In conversation, —— means the correction by the speaker of a misunderstood utterance, either though self-initiated repair, or corrected by others. This is the process by which a speaker recognizes a speech error and repeats what has been said with some sort of correction. Conversational repair helps to sustain social interaction by allowing persons in conversation to handle mutual problems that arise as they communicate.
Some expressions or phrases you can use are:
•lmean…
•What I mean is that…
•Rather,

Answer 7

6. REPAIR

Question 8

Four varieties of Repair Sequence

Answer 8

1. Self-initiated self-repair.
2. Other initiated self-repair
3. Self-initiated other-repair.
4. Other-initiated other-repair.

Question 9

This repair is both initiated and carried out by the speaker of the trouble source.
Example: I’m going to Bianca’s- I mean Bella’s birthday party on Sunday.

Answer 9

1. Self-initiated self-repair.

Question 10

This repair
is
carried out by

Answer 10

2. Other initiated self-repair

Question 11

In this type of repair, the speaker of a trouble source may try and get the recipient to repair the trouble-for instance if a name is proving troublesome to remember.
Example: Paul: I need to pack my things tonight for our recollection on Saturday, so I need to get another umm…
Renz: Another bag?
Paul: Yes, that’s right! A bigger bag.

Answer 11

3. Self-initiated other-repair.

Question 12

Here the recipient of a trouble source initiates and carries out the repair. This is closer to what is conventionally called ‘correction.’
Example: Claire: Aren’t you glad that today is Sunday?
Reign: Sunday is actually tomorrow. *
*Indicates that the repair has been both initiated and resolved in the same sentence.

Answer 12

4. Other-initiated other-repair.

Question 13

• This last communication strategy refers to ending the conversation. If some people find it difficult to begin a conversation and others find problems to keep it going, it can be more challenging to close a conversation so you can either move to another topic or move away to talk with someone else.

Answer 13

7. TERMINATION

Question 14

• It’s been nice talking to you
• It’s been great talking with you.
• I really enjoyed meeting you.
• It was nice meeting you, Mr. Maun.
• I’m sorry, but I have to go now.

Answer 14

Pre-closing

Question 15

• I’ll give you a call.
• I’ll send you an e-mail.
• We’ll send out that information right away.
• I’ll have my secretary schedule an appointment.
• Could you send me a brochure/ some more information?
• Could I contact you by e-mail/at your office?
• How do I get in touch with you?

Answer 15

• Follow up

Question 16

• I look forward to seeing you again.
• We’ll see you on Friday.
• See you next week.

• Let me give you my business card.
• Here’s my e-mail/office number.

Answer 16

Closing