Types of Chemical Reactions

Question 1

Combination reaction

Answer 1

element + element
Ex: H2 + Br2 = 2HBr

Question 2

Single - Displacement reaction

Answer 2

element + compound
Ex: Mg + 2HCl = H2 + MgCl2

Question 3

Double - Displacement reaction

Answer 3

compound + compound
Ex: AgNO3 + NaCl = AgCl + NaNO3

Question 4

Decomposition reaction

Answer 4

compound
Ex: KHCO3 = KOH + CO2

Question 5

Combination - Displacement reaction

Answer 5

element + compound
Ex: CH4 + 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O

Question 6

When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they separate into their component ions (e.g., their
cations and anions).

Answer 6

• Water molecules surround the dissolved ions to make “hydrated” ions.
• The water molecules orient so that the hydrogen ends of the water molecules are
  closest to the anions (negative ions)
• the oxygen ends of the water molecules are closest to the cations (positive ions).

Question 7

Electrolytes

Answer 7

are solutes that make electrically conducting solutions when dissolved in
water. The solutes do so by generating ions in solution, often by dissociating themselves

Question 8

Strong electrolytes

Answer 8

a solute that effectively produces ions when dissolved in water

Question 9

Weak electrolytes

Answer 9

a solute that ineffectively produces ions when dissolved in water

Question 10

Non-electrolyte

Answer 10

a solute that doesn’t produce ions when dissolved in water

Question 11

Strong electrolytes are more likely to be

Answer 11

• water-soluble ionic compounds, or salts
• strong acids
• strong bases

Question 12

Weak electrolytes are likely to be

Answer 12

• slightly-water soluble ionic compounds, or salts
• weak acids
• weak bases

Question 13

non-electrolytes are likely to be

Answer 13

• water soluble covalent compounds
• water-insoluble ionic compounds
• gases

Question 14

What’s the difference between acids and bases?

Answer 14

An acid is a substance that reacts with water to generate H+1(aq) in aqueous
solutions. A base is substance that reacts with water to generate OH-1(aq) in aqueous solutions. OH-1 (aq) is a hydrated hydroxide ion.

Question 15

Generic acid characteristics include

Answer 15

• burning sensation of skin
• an “acrid” or “sharp” odor
  sour or tarte taste
• react with bases
• formulas start with “H”

Question 16

Associated terms

Answer 16

Monoprotic acid - max of 1 mole H+1 per mole acid formula
Diprotic - max of 2
Triprotic - max of 3
Polyprotic - 3+
Amphiprotic compound - can be an acid or a base

Question 17

General base characteristics

Answer 17

a.) can produce a “slippery” feeling on the skin with direct contact,
b.) some bases have an unpleasant “fishy” odor,
c.) have a bitter taste (don’t taste lab chemicals),
d.) react with acids (neutralization reactions).

Question 18

Examples of acids and bases

Answer 18

acids - vinegar, lemon juice, soda pop
bases - detergents, cleaning ammonia, quinine water

Question 19

Strong acid

Answer 19

• strong acid easily produces hydronium ion when dissolved in water
• Strong acids = strong electrolytes
• Common strong acids - HCL, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO3, HClO3, and H2SO4

Question 20

Strong base

Answer 20

• strong base easily produces hydroxide when dissolved in water
• Strong bases = strong electrolytes
  Common bases - Alkali metal hydroxides

Question 21

Weak acid

Answer 21

• weak acid struggles to produce hydronium ion when dissolved in water
• weak acid = weak electrolyte
• weak acid forms equilibrium mixtures when dissolved in water

Question 22

Weak base

Answer 22

• weak base struggles to produce hydroxide when dissolved in water
• weak bases = weak electrolytes
• weak base - NH3 and others similar to ammonia