types of cells Flashcards
1
Q
what is cell theory
A
- cells are a fundamental unit of structure, function and organisation in all living organisms.
2
Q
what is an egg cell
A
- female reproduction cell
- fertilised by sperm
3
Q
what is a sperm cell
A
- male reproduction cell
- tail for swimming
- lots of mitochondria for energy
4
Q
what is a motor neuron
A
- nerve cell with long fibres that carry impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands
- regulates voluntary and involuntary movements
5
Q
what is a sensory neuron
A
- nerve cell that carries impulses from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
- activated by the sensory input from the environment
6
Q
what is a white blood cell
A
- helps fight against infection and disease as part of the body’s immune system
7
Q
what is a red blood cell
A
- made in the bone marrow, contains haemoglobin
- biconcave structure which makes it flexible
- carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body, no nucleus or cytoplasm to maximise oxygen carrying
8
Q
what is a guard cell
A
- specialised plant cell
- epidermis of the leaf allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaf for photosynthesis
9
Q
what is a root hair cell
A
- present in the root of the plant
- large surface area of the root hair allows for water absorption
10
Q
what is a phloem
A
- plant tissue responsible for carrying dissolved sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant
- has a companion cell with a nucleus and organelles instead of a nucleus
11
Q
what is a xylem
A
- plant tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals upwards from the root to the rest of the plant
