Types of blood cell Flashcards
What are the three broad types of cell in the blood
red blood cell
white blood cell
platelet
What different types of white cells are there
Monocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes NK cells
What is haematopoiesis
formation of blood cells from pluripotent stem cells
What are the sites of haematopoiesis in Embryo?
yolk sac and liver
3rd - 7th month is spleen
What are the sites of haematopoiesis at birth?
mostly bone marrow (liver and spleen when needed)
What are the sites of haematopoiesis from birth to maturity
number of active sites in bone marrow decreases
What are the sites of haematopoiesis in adult
bone marrow of skull, ribs, sternum, pelvis and proximal femur
describe the haematopoietic tree
concept that wide variety of blood cells arise from pluripotent primitive stem cells
stem cell –> multipotent progenitors –> oligolineage progenitors –> mature cells
give steps of erythropoiesis
pronormoblast basophillic / early normoblast polychromaticophillic / intermediate normoblast orthochromatic / late normoblast reticulocyte erythrocyte
What are granulocytes
white blood cells that contain granules and are named according to their staining (eosin or basic dye’s)
name some granulocytes
Eosinophil
Basophil
Neutrophil
describe neutrophil
segmented nucleus with neutral staining granules
phagocytose invaders
kill with granule contents, killing self in process
attract other cells
are increased during body stress (infarction, trauma, infection)
Describe eosinophil
stained with eosin dye
bi-lobar with bright red/orange granules
Fight parasitic infection
involved in hypersensitivity (allergic reaction)
elevated in people with atopic conditions (asthma)
Describe basophil
Large deep purple granules that obscure nucleus
circulating version of mast cells
mediate hypersensitivity reactions
Fc receptor binds IgE
granules contain histamine
Describe monocytes
Large single nucleus with faintly staining granules
circulate for a week then enter tissues to become macrophages
phagocytose invaders and present antigens to lymphocytes
Describe lymphocytes
mature: small condensed nuclei with rim of cytoplasm
atypical: large with plentiful blue cytoplasm
T, B and NK subtypes
cognate response to infection
brains of the immune system
What techniques are used to recognise primitive stem cells
immunophenotyping
Bio-assays
what is immunophenotyping
looking at the expression of antigens on surface of the cells
what is Bio-assay
culture in vitro, shows lineage of progeny in different growth conditions
How do you examine haematopoiesis
look at peripheral blood
look at bone marrow with specific investigation
look at other sites of relevance
- liver, spleen, lymphnodes
What can you do to examine peripheral blood
microscopy, automatic cell counting
Where is good to take a bone marrow biopsy?
posterior iliac crest
