Types of blood cell

Question 1

What are the three broad types of cell in the blood

Answer 1

red blood cell
white blood cell
platelet

Question 2

What different types of white cells are there

Answer 2

Monocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
NK cells

Question 3

What is haematopoiesis

Answer 3

formation of blood cells from pluripotent stem cells

Question 4

What are the sites of haematopoiesis in Embryo?

Answer 4

yolk sac and liver

3rd - 7th month is spleen

Question 5

What are the sites of haematopoiesis at birth?

Answer 5

mostly bone marrow (liver and spleen when needed)

Question 6

What are the sites of haematopoiesis from birth to maturity

Answer 6

number of active sites in bone marrow decreases

Question 7

What are the sites of haematopoiesis in adult

Answer 7

bone marrow of skull, ribs, sternum, pelvis and proximal femur

Question 8

describe the haematopoietic tree

Answer 8

concept that wide variety of blood cells arise from pluripotent primitive stem cells

stem cell –> multipotent progenitors –> oligolineage progenitors –> mature cells

Question 9

give steps of erythropoiesis

Answer 9

pronormoblast
basophillic / early normoblast
polychromaticophillic / intermediate normoblast
orthochromatic / late normoblast
reticulocyte
erythrocyte

Question 10

What are granulocytes

Answer 10

white blood cells that contain granules and are named according to their staining (eosin or basic dye’s)

Question 11

name some granulocytes

Answer 11

Eosinophil
Basophil
Neutrophil

Question 12

describe neutrophil

Answer 12

segmented nucleus with neutral staining granules

phagocytose invaders
kill with granule contents, killing self in process
attract other cells
are increased during body stress (infarction, trauma, infection)

Question 13

Describe eosinophil

Answer 13

stained with eosin dye
bi-lobar with bright red/orange granules
Fight parasitic infection
involved in hypersensitivity (allergic reaction)
elevated in people with atopic conditions (asthma)

Question 14

Describe basophil

Answer 14

Large deep purple granules that obscure nucleus

circulating version of mast cells
mediate hypersensitivity reactions
Fc receptor binds IgE
granules contain histamine

Question 15

Describe monocytes

Answer 15

Large single nucleus with faintly staining granules

circulate for a week then enter tissues to become macrophages
phagocytose invaders and present antigens to lymphocytes

Question 16

Describe lymphocytes

Answer 16

mature: small condensed nuclei with rim of cytoplasm
atypical: large with plentiful blue cytoplasm

T, B and NK subtypes

cognate response to infection
brains of the immune system

Question 17

What techniques are used to recognise primitive stem cells

Answer 17

immunophenotyping

Bio-assays

Question 18

what is immunophenotyping

Answer 18

looking at the expression of antigens on surface of the cells

Question 19

what is Bio-assay

Answer 19

culture in vitro, shows lineage of progeny in different growth conditions

Question 20

How do you examine haematopoiesis

Answer 20

look at peripheral blood
look at bone marrow with specific investigation
look at other sites of relevance
- liver, spleen, lymphnodes

Question 21

What can you do to examine peripheral blood

Answer 21

microscopy, automatic cell counting

Question 22

Where is good to take a bone marrow biopsy?

Answer 22

posterior iliac crest