Types of Aphasia

Question 1

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Answer 1

1. Fluent/Hyperfluent speech
2. Poor Auditory/Visual Comprehension
3. Verbal Paraphasia or Unintended words and Neologisms
4. Sentences formed by strings of unrelated words, jargon
5. Mild to severe impairment in naming and imitative speech
6. Intonational/Sound-Combination patterns maintained.
7. Poor repetition
8. Posterior portions of the left temporal lobe

Question 2

Anomic Aphasia

Answer 2

1. Severe Anomia in both speech and writing
2. Fluent spontaneous speech marred by word retrieval difficulties
3. Mild to moderate auditory comprehension problems
4. Memory difficulties evident.
5. Imitated/repetitive language less affected
6. Parietal-temporal-occipital cortex
7. Fluent aphasia

Question 3

Conduction Aphasia

Answer 3

1. Fluent
2. Anomia
3. Mild impairment of auditory comprehension, if any
4. Extremely poor repetitive or imitative speech
5. Paraphasia or inappropriate use of words formed by the addition of sounds and incorrect ordering of sounds or by substituting related words
6. Self correction attempts
7. Damage deep below brain surface between areas where language is formulated and speech programmed.

Question 4

Transcortical Sensory Aphasia

Answer 4

1. Rarest Fluent
2. Unimpaired ability to repeat or imitate words, phrases, and sentences
3. Verbal paraphasia or word substitutions
4. Lack of nouns and severe anomia
5. Poor auditory comprehension
6. Echolalic Speech
7. Damage isolates language areas from other areas of cortical control

Question 5

Subcortical Aphasia

Answer 5

1. Fluent
2. Needed Neuro-imaging to prove
3. Lesions are deep in brain without cerebral cortex
4. Fluent expressive speech
5. Paraphasia and neologisms
6. Repetition unaffected
7. Auditory and reading comprehension relatively unaffected
8. Cognitive deficits and reduced vigilance
9. Often have word-finding difficulties, perseveration, nonimitative speech

Question 6

Broca’s Aphasia

Answer 6

1. Nonfluent
2. Damage to anterior or forward parts of frontal lobe of left cerebral hemisphere, Broca’s aphasia
3. Short sentences with agrammatism
4. Anomia
5. Problem with imitation of speech because of overall speech problems
6. Slow, labored speech and writing
7. Articulation and phonological errors
8. Auditory Comprehension can be subtly affected

Question 7

Transcorital Motor Aphasia

Answer 7

1. Nonfluent
2. Difficulty initiating speech or writing
3. Impaired speech
4. Good verbal imitative abilities
5. Mildly impaired Aud. comp.
6. Damage to motor cortex, but also below the surface of the brain

Question 8

Global/Mixed Aphasia

Answer 8

1. Nonfluent
2. Global more severe
3. Profound language impairment in all modalities
4. Limited spontaneous expressive ability of a few words or stereotypes, overlearned utterances/emotional responses
5. Imitative speech and naming affected
6. Auditory and visual comprehension limited to single words or short phrases
7. Large deep lesion below brain surface.
8. Often both anterior speech, broca’s, and posterior language, wernicke’s are affected

Question 9

Fluent Aphasia

Answer 9

1. Word Substitutions
2. Neologisms
3. Verbose verbal output
4. Damage to posterior portions of LH
5. Typically have typical rate, intonation, pauses, and stree patterns

Question 10

Non Fluent Aphasia

Answer 10

1. Slow, labored speech and struggle to retrieve words and form sentenecs.
2. Site of lesion is typically near frontal lobe, Broca’s area, speech portion

Question 11

Agnosia

Answer 11

1. Sensory deficit making it difficult to understand incoming sensory information.
2. May be specific to auditory or visual information

Question 12

Agrammatism

Answer 12

1. Omission of grammatical elements

2. Omit articles, endings, unstressed words

Question 13

Alexia

Answer 13

1. Reading problems
2. May be unable to recognize words they speak/write
3. Paraphasia and neologisms may also be present

Question 14

Anomia

Answer 14

1. Difficulty Naming entities

2. May have incorrect response even when client realizes mistake

Question 15

Jargon

Answer 15

Meaningless/irrelevant speech with typical intonational patterns

Question 16

Neologism

Answer 16

A Novel Word

Question 17

Paraphasia

Answer 17

Word and phoneme substitutions

Question 18

Verbal Stereotype

Answer 18

An expression repeated over and over

Question 19

Hyperfluent Speech

Answer 19

Very rapid speech with few pauses, may be incoherent, inefficient, and pragmatically inappropriate

Question 20

Hemiparesis

Answer 20

Weakness on one side of the body

Question 21

Hemiplegia

Answer 21

Paralysis on one side of the body

Question 22

Hemisensory Impairment

Answer 22

Loss of ability to perceive sensory information from one side of the body

Question 23

Hemianopsia

Answer 23

Blindness in one visual field of one eye, IE. both eyes can’t see left part

Question 24

Dysphagia

Answer 24

Difficulty chewing or swallowing

Question 25

Stroke

Answer 25

Cerebrovascular Accident Third leading cause of death in US Causes 100,000 aphasics each year Ischemic Stroke, Hemorrhagic Stroke

Question 26

Ischemic Stroke

Answer 26

Most common stroke Complete or partially occlusion of arteries transporting blood to brain. 3 Kinds, Cerebral arteriosclerosis, Embolism, Thrombosis Noticeable improvement within first few weeks, slows after 3 months

Question 27

Cerebral Arteriosclerosis

Answer 27

thickening of the walls of cerebral arteries in which elasticity is lost or reduced, walls weaken and blood flow is restricted

Question 28

Embolism

Answer 28

A traveling blood clot, fatty materials, or air bubble, causes an obstruction in cerebral arteries

Question 29

Thrombosis

Answer 29

Plaque buildup or blood clot forms in brain and deprives brain of oxygen

Question 30

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Answer 30

weakened arterial walls burst under pressure | 2 kinds, Aneurism and arteriovenous malformation

Question 31

Transient Ischemic Attack

Answer 31

Mini-stroke Blood flow is temporarily reduced/blocked Can happen many times

Question 32

Aneurism

Answer 32

a saclike bulging in a weakened artery wall. Wall rupturs causing a cerebral hemorrhage. Most occur in meninges, loss of blood flow/oxygen causes brain problems

Question 33

Arteriovenous Malformation

Answer 33

Rare Poorly formed tangle of arteries and veins Weak arterial walls may be weak and give way under pressure

Question 34

Primary Progressive Aphasia

Answer 34

A degenerative disorder of language | Maintain mental functions but lose language over 2 years

Question 35

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 35

a natural restorative process | Maximum improvement seen in first 3 months

Question 36

Bridging From Right

Answer 36

Having client access language from right side through gesture/sign/use music