Types of #

Question 1

Skin Involvement

Answer 1

1. Simple / Closed- does not break skin / communicate externally
2. Compound / Open- penetrates skin over # site

Question 2

No. of Fragments

Answer 2

1. Non-Comminuted- complete penetrations thru bone, 2 fragments only
2. Comminuted- 2+ bony fragments have separated.

Question 3

Mechanism of Injury

Answer 3

1. Avulsion
   - d/t forceful Mm or Lig traction force
2. Impaction
   - portion of bone driven into adjacent segment
3. Incomplete
   - aka Greenstick
   - one side of bone involved only -> buckling / bending
4. Chip / Corner
   - type of avulsion #
   - limited, only small chip of bone from corner of structure
5. Pathologic
   - occurs d/t underlying weakening from local / systemic process
   - usually transverse, smooth
6. Stress
   - repetitive stress leading to accumulation of mirco fractures

Question 4

Orientation

Answer 4

1. Oblique
   - occur in shaft of long bones
   - course 45 deg to long axis
2. Spiral
   - ends of spiral pointed like pen nib
3. Transverse
   - perpendicular to long axis of bone
   - common in pathologically weakened bone
   - uncommon in healthy bone

Question 5

Traumatic Articular Lesions

Answer 5

1. Subluxation
   - partial loss of contact between normal articular surfaces
2. Dislocation
   - complete loss of contact between normal articular surfaces
3. Diastasis
   - frank separation of slightly moveable joint