Types and Components of Computer Systems Flashcards
Define: Internal Hard Drive
The internal hard drive is the computers main memory.
Define: Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Interprets and executes the commands from the computer hardware and software.
Also called microprocessor.
What makes up the internal hard drive?
Applications Softwares
Disk Operating System
Data Files
Theses memories have a fast data transfer/ access times and large capacity to store data.
Define: Random Access Memory (RAM)
RAM is an internal chip where data is temporarily stored when running applications.
The data can be written to and read from.
‘Volatile’ or ‘temporary’ memory
Define: Read Only Memory (ROM)
ROM is a memory used to store information that needs to be permanent.
Usually contains configuration data for the computer system.
Data is not lost when turned off
‘Non-volatile’ memory
Define: BIOS (basic input/output system)
BIOS is a form of boot file contained in the ROM.
BIOS stores the data, time and system configuration in a non-volatile chip called CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) which is battery powered
Define: Operating System
It enables users to communicate with computer systems and special software
The operating system needs a ‘user interface’
What are general tasks for a typical operating system? (6)
1) Controlling the operation of the input, output and backing storage devices
2) Supervising the loading, running and storage of applications programs
3) Dealing with errors that occur in applications
4) Maintaining security of the whole computer system
5) Maintaining a computer log
6) Allowing communication between user and the computer system
Define: Command Line Interfaces (CLI)
CLIs are a user interface that require you to type in instructions in order to open software
They are in direct communication with the computer
Writing like programming/coding
Define: Graphical User Interfaces (GUI’s)
GUI’s allow the user to interact with a computer using pictures or symbols(icons)
Devolved for use on Personal computers (PCs)
It uses a mouse to control a cursor
Define: PC/Desktop Computers
Refers to a general purpose computer.
Has separate parts like a monitor, keyboard and mouse.
Define: Laptop Computers
Refers to a computer that has all of its components in one unit.
Disadvantage: heat dissipation is more difficult due to the structure of the laptop
Define: Netbook
Term for a computer small enough to fit into the palm of your hand.
Disadvantages:
No optical drive
Lack features
Define: Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
They are small hand held computers that come with a touch screen and stylus. Generally personal organizers.
Define: Mainframe Computers and their uses (6)
Term used for a large, very powerful, computer system. Uses: 1. Very fast processor speeds 2. Can support multiple operating systems 3. Huge storage capacity 4. Huge internal memory 5. Use time sharing or batch processing. 6. Several CPUs
