Types Flashcards
– may be used to relieve symptoms caused by the cancer at an advance stage, extends the quality of life of the patient.
PALLIATIVE TREATMENT
2 types of curative Treatment
Adjuvant Neo- Adjuvant
given to destroy left-over microscopic cells that may
be present after the known tumor is removed by surgery.
Is given to prevent a possible cancer reoccurrence
Adjuvant – (Additive)
– (primary) given prior to the surgical procedure.
may be given to attempt to shrink the cancer so that the surgical procedure may not need to be as extensive.
Neo Adjuvant
– (Preventive) to shrink any cancerous tumors and/or stop the cancer from growing and spreading.
PROPHYLACTIC TREATMENT
– used for small tumors
SURGERY
– prevent of release of hormones consumed by cancer cells.
HORMONE THERAPY
Least used
Hyperthermia
– immunotherapy
BIOLOGIC THERAPY
– uses drug. Prevents cancer cell production
CHEMOTHERAPY
FACTORS FOR TREATMENT
: TTSG
- TUMOR TYPE
- TUMOR LOCATION
- STAGE
- GENERAL HEALTH OF THE PATIENT
– a malignant tumor that expands by invasion or systemically by metastasis.
- A disease process that involves an unregulated, uncontrolled replication of cells.
CANCER
– spread of cancer from primary tumor to sites elsewhere in the body.
METASTASIS
3 pathways of malignant neoplasm
Seeding
Lymphatic & Hematogenous spread
- The spread of a malignancy into body cavities can occur via penetrating the surface of
the peritoneal, pleural, pericardial, or subarachnoid spaces
SEEDING
- allows the transport of tumor cells to lymph nodes and
ultimately, to other parts of the body. This is the most common route of metastasis
for carcinomas
LYMPHATIC SPREAD
- This is typical route of metastasis for sarcomas, but it is also the favored route for certain types of carcinoma, such as those originating in the kidney (renal cell
carcinoma). Because of their thinner walls, veins are more frequently invaded than are arteries, and metastasis tends to follow the pattern of venous flow.
HEMATOGENOUS SPREAD
- Stage or period of absence of cancer.
REMISSION
2 types of remission
Complete, partial
the malignant tumor shrunk, but does not disappear
PARTIAL REMISSION
– all signs and symptoms of Ca are gone.
COMPLETE REMISSION
6 Types of Cancer Treatment
Surgery
Chemotherapy
BIOLOGIC THERAPY –
HORMONE THERAPY –
. HYPERTHERMIA – least used
RADIATION THERAPY –
TYPES OF TREATMENT INTENT
Curative
Prophylactic
Palliative
– FREE OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS FOR FIVE (5) YEARS
CURED
– PATIENT IS DIAGNOSED WITH NEW CANCER THAT’S COMPLETELY
UNRELATED WITH THE PREVIOUS CANCER
SECOND PRIMARY CANCER
- return of cancer after treatment and after a period of time during which the cancer
cannot be detected
RECURRENCE
Typ3s of recurrence
Local, regional, distant
– Ca returns at the original site.
LOCAL
. - Ca returns at a lymph node or tissue located near the previous Ca
REGIONAL
3 MAJOR SUBTYPES OF CANCER
Carcinoma, Sarcoma, Lyphoma
– originating from epithelial tissue.
CARCINOMA
– originating from connective tissue
SARCOMA
Cancer risk factors
External
Internal
External Cancer Risk Factors
: EVI
EXPOSURE TO CHEMICALS
VIRUSES
IONIZING RADIATION
Internal Risk Factors : HOGEDI
HORMONES
GENETIC MUTATTION
DISORDERS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
General CANCER SYMPTOMS
U, F, F, P, S, C,U
UNEXPECTED WEIGHT LOSS – about 10 lbs.
FEVER
FATIGUE
PAIN
SKIN CHANGES
CHANGE IN BOWEL/BLADDER FUNCTION
UNHEALING SORE
- medical removal of tissue from living subject to determine presence or extent of disease.
BIOPSY
5 TYPES OF BIOPSY
SURGICAL – a surgical procedure done at the o.r.
EXCISIONAL – entire lump removed
3. INCISIONAL – small sample tissue
4. FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION – sample fluid
5. CORE NEEDLE – small solid samp
– small sample tissue
INCISIONAL
– small solid sample
CORE NEEDLE
– sample fluid
FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION
– a surgical procedure done at the o.r
SURGICAL
– entire lump removed
EXCISIONAL
CLASSIFICATION OF TUMOR
GRADING
STAGING
TNM SYSTEM
TNM SYSTEM
T – tumor
N – has spread to NODES
M – meT1Ntastasis, has spread to other organs.
– involves blood forming tissue
LYPHOMA
