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Typography > Type Anatomy Vocab > Flashcards

Type Anatomy Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Aperture

A

the opening at the end of an open counter

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2
Q

Apex

A
  • the point at the top of a character
  • such as the uppercase “A” where the left and right strokes meet is the apex
  • the apex may be a sharp point, blunt, or rounded and is an identifying feature for some typefaces
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3
Q

Arm

A

horizontal stroke not connected to the stem on at least one side

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4
Q

Arc of stem

A
  • Curved stroke continuous with stem
  • lowercase “j”
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5
Q

Ascender

A
  1. on lowercase letters, the stroke that rises above the x-height of the letter: b,d,f,h,k,i and t
  2. any capital letter
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6
Q

Ball terminal

A

terminal that is circular in shape

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7
Q

Barb

A

a type of half serif on the horizontal arms of E, F, L, and T

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8
Q

Baseline

A

the invisible or imaginary line on which the body of lowercase letters and the base of all capital letters rest

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9
Q

Beak

A

a type of half serif found on the horizontal arms of E, F, L, and T

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10
Q

Bowl

A
  • the curved stroke that encloses a space within a character.
  • in an open bowl, the stroke does not meet the stem, whereas in a closed bowl the stroke does meet the stem
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11
Q

Bracketing

A

refers to the curved connection between the stroke of a letterform and the serif

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12
Q

Cap-Height

A

the height of the capital letter from the baseline

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13
Q

Concave

A

Curving inward

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14
Q

Convex

A

curving or bulging outward

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15
Q

Counter

A

a negative space within a character that may be fully or partially enclosed

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16
Q

Cross bar

A
  • the horizontal or oblique stroke connected at both ends as in an A or H
  • sometimes referred to as a bar
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17
Q

Crotch

A
  • the pointed interior negative space where an arm or arc meets a stem
  • an acute crotch is less than 90 degrees
  • an obtuse crotch is greater than 90 degrees
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18
Q

Descender

A
  • that part of a lowercase letter that extends below the baseline.
  • The letters g, j, p, q, and y all have descenders
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19
Q

Extender

A
  • a term used to refer to both ascenders and descenders
  • named such because they extend beyond the body of the font
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20
Q

Eye

A

the counter or enclosed area at the top of the lowercase e

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21
Q

Foot

A

bottom of stem which rests on the baseline

22
Q

Finial

A
  • the non-serif ending added to a stroke
  • which is classified as ball, swash, spur, or hook
  • the shape of the final may taper
23
Q

Flag

A

decorative, curved strokes connected to the stem of an uppercase gothic or black letter face

24
Q

Gadzook

A

embellishment that connect a ligature

25
Q

Italic

A
  • type style with characters slanted upward to the right
  • used for emphasis
26
Q

Jot

A

the dot of a lowercase i or j

27
Q

Leg

A
  • a stroke that extends downward at less than 90 degrees is a leg
  • seen on the letters k, K, and R
28
Q

Ligature

A
  • a combination of two or more characters that are joined into one form which are not commonly combined
  • Originally ligatures were cast as one piece of lead to simulate handwriting and to protect the extenders on previous and subsequent lines of text
29
Q

Link

A

the stroke connecting the bowl and loop of the lowercase g

30
Q

Loop

A

the lower portion of the lowercase g

31
Q

Lowercase

A

also referred to as Minuscule or lc there smaller letterforms include ascenders and descenders

32
Q

Main Stem

A

the thickest stroke of a character

33
Q

Majuscule

A

the capital version of a letterform

34
Q

Mean Line

A

the imaginary line defining the height of lowercase letters excluding ascenders, also called the x-height, body line, or waistline

35
Q

Pica

A

A typesetting unit of measure equal to approximately 1/16th of an inch, 12 points or 0.013837 inches

36
Q

Point

A

a typesetting unit of measure used to specify the height of a typeface equal to approximately 1/72nd of an inch pr 1/12th of a pica

37
Q

serif

A

short, delicate, decorative cross lines or tails at the end of the main strokes in many letters and symbols in some typefaces

38
Q

Shoulder

A
  • a curved portion of the stroke of a letterform that connects to a straight stroke
  • as in the lowercase m. n. and h
39
Q

Spine

A

the main curve stroke of the letter S

40
Q

Splayed

A

defines the stem of a character that is wider at the top and bottom, than it is toward the center

41
Q

Spur

A

the nodule descending from the vertical stroke of an uppercase G connecting the straight stroke to the curved stroke

42
Q

Stem Stroke

A

the vertical main stroke of a character

43
Q

Stress

A

thick to thin transition in the stroke of a letter

44
Q

Stroke

A

any line required as part of the basic construction of a letterform, not including serifs or swashes

45
Q

Swash

A

a fancy flourish that replaces the terminal or serif on scripts and alternate characters

46
Q

Tail

A
  • a stroke or arc of a character starting from the mail stroke or structure of a letterform and extending downward with one end free
  • as seen in the letters R, K, and Q
47
Q

Terminal

A

the free end of a stroke, available in different variations such as sheared, ball, straight, acute, horizontal, convex, concave, flared, hooked, tapered, and pointed

48
Q

Tittle

A

the name of the dot above the lowercase i

49
Q

Uppercase

A

capital letters

50
Q

Vertex

A
  • the outer downward juncture of 2 angled stems where the resulting point touches just below the baseline
  • different types of vertices include rounded, pointed, hollow, flat, and extended
51
Q

Waistline

A

the invisible or imaginary horizontal rule that indicates the top of the body height of the lowercase letters, also called the x-height

52
Q

x-height

A

the height of the body of lowercase letters, excluding ascenders and descenders as measured from the baseline to the waistline

Typography (1 decks)

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