Type 2 Diabetes Drugs Flashcards
What are the main functions of Metformin?
↓Hepatic gluconeogenesis
↑peripheral glucose uptake
What are the advantages of using metformin in Type 2 Diabetes?
No hypoglycaemia when used as monotherapy
↓Cancer risk
↓CHD risk
Can be used in patients at any weight
What are the adverse effects of metformin?
GI upset (25% of people cant tolerate the drug) Lactic acidosis
What value should Type 2 Diabetics aim to get their HbA1c levels under?
53mmol
What factors can increase the risk of failing to meet hyperglycaemic targets?
Younger Female Obese Not at BP or Lipid targets Complex glucose lowering therapies – 2 or 3 drugs
What are the main functions of sulphonylurea drugs?
Blocks beta cell KATP channel
=> Increase 1st and 2nd phase insulin secretion
What are the disasvantages of Sulphonylureas?
↑~2 Kg Weight gain
↑Hypoglycaemia
Abnormal LFTs
Above what dose does Gliclazide not make any further effect?
120mg
normal dose is between 80-120mg
How are GLP-1 agonists usually administered?
Via injection
Give examples of GLP-1 agonist drugs
Liraglutide (Victoza)
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Describe how the SGLT-2 drug class works
Prevents the usual 90% of glucose being reabsorbed
=> it is excreted in the urine
Give an example of the SGLT-2 drug class
Empagliflozin
Dampagliflozin
What is the main function of the glitazone drug class?
↑ peripheral glucose uptake
What adverse effects can be caused by the glitazone drug class?
↑3-5 Kg Weight gain
Fracture risk (x2-3)
Hepatotoxocity
Fluid retention
Why do the glitazone drug class cause an increased fracture risk?
they convert haematopoetic stem cells to adipose (fat) tissue in order for it to absorb more glucose
