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My Endocrine > Type 1 Diabetes > Flashcards

Type 1 Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogenesis of T1DM

A

Lack of insulin production due to type 4 hypersensitivity reaction causing autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the islets of Langerhan of the pancreas

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2
Q

What HLA are associated with T1DM

A

HLA DR3, DR4, DQ

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3
Q

What autoantibodies are associated with T1DM

A

Anti-GAD, ZnT8, IA-2

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4
Q

What are some triggers of T1DM

A

Viral infection, maternal factors, weight gain, puberty, Vit D deficiency, environmental toxins, dietary factors

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5
Q

Conditions associated with T1DM

A

Addison’s disease, hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, vitiligo, Coeliac disease, alopecia, pernicious anaemia, hypoparathyroidism, CF, DIDMOAD/Wolfram syndrome, Bardet Biedl

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6
Q

Symptoms of T1DM

A

Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, general malaise, blurred vision, candida infection, DKA

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7
Q

Diagnosis of T1DM

A

Fasting glucose >7mmol/L
Random glucose >11.1mmol/L
OGTT > 11.1mmol/L
Symptoms + 1 or no symptoms + 2 4 weeks apart

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8
Q

How many hours should there be no calorie intake before taking a fasting glucose

A

8

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9
Q

What is a normal HbA1c

A

Below 42

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10
Q

What is a pre-diabetes HbA1c

A

42-47

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11
Q

What is a diabetes HbA1C 1

A

> 48

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12
Q

What is HbA1c target for those with diabetes

A

53mmol/mol

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13
Q

What is the BP target for those with diabetes

A

<130/80mmHg

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14
Q

How much insulin should be used

A

0.3units/kg split between basal + bolus

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15
Q

What is basal insulin

A

Background insulin, taken once a day before bedtime

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16
Q

Examples of basal insulin

A

Intermediates- Insulatard + Humlan 1

Long acting- Lantus, Levemir

17
Q

What is bolus insulin

A

Quick acting, 3 times a day before meals based on carb intake + current blood glucose levels

18
Q

Examples of bolus insulin

A

Insulin analogues- Novorapid + Humalog

Soluble insulin- Actrapid + Humulin S

19
Q

Onset of insulin analogues

A

10-15 mins

20
Q

Onset of soluble insulin

A

30-60 mins

21
Q

What is a STAT dose

A

10-20% of the patient’s daily dose of insulin, recheck every 1-2 hours, can be given every 2-4 hours

My Endocrine (8 decks)

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