TX of Erosion, Abrasion, and Attrition Flashcards
______ is the general term used for the surface loss of
dental hard tissues from causes other than developmental ones,
dental caries, and trauma.
Tooth wear
Lambrechts et al. in 1989 estimated the normal vertical loss of
enamel resulting from natural wear is about __ μm per year.
65 micrometers
_______ as defined in GPT 9 is the mechanical wear resulting
from mastication or parafunction, limited to contacting surfaces
of the teeth.
ÑAttrition is related to the aging process.
ÑEtiology is multifactorial and is accelerated by extrinsic factors
such as coarse diet, chewing tobacco and snuff, abrasive dust,
parafunctional habits of clenching and bruxism, traumatic
occlusion in the partially edentulous dentition, anterior open
bite, and anterior teeth in edge-to-edge relationship or crossbite.
ÑAttrition
Ñ_______ – has an association with attachment loss.
ÓAs it increases, the presence of attachment loss
increases, and periodontal growth (i.e., vertical development
with maintenance of attachment) is reduced.
ÓAlters the C/R ratio, affecting the mechanical characteristics of
the tooth and its behavior under functional loading.
Active eruption
– inverse association with attachment loss.
More prevalent in younger patients, in the maxilla, in premolars,
and in females.
Periodontal growth
_______– association with increasing age and is more
prevalent in unopposed mandibular teeth.
ÓThe “pseudo-eruptive’’ appearance is associated with
increasing age in an individual and is most prevalent when
there is a mandibular tooth unopposed.
Relative wear
______ as defined in GPT 9 as an abnormal wearing away of
the tooth substance by some unusual or abnormal mechanical
process independent of mastication and occlusion.
ÑCausative agent: Foreign object or substance repeatedly
contacting the tooth surface.
ÑSite and pattern of the abrasive lesions: Diagnostic as different
foreign bodies produce different patterns of abrasion.
ÑExample: Overzealous horizontal tooth brushing with an
abrasive dentifrice produces a rounded or V-shaped ditch on the
facial aspects of teeth at the cemento-enamel junction.
Abrasion
What are the most commonly affected teeth associated with abrasion?
Canines and PM
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is defined in GPT 9 as the the pathologic loss of hard tooth substance caused by biomechanical loading forces; which is the result of flexure and chemical fatigue degradation of enamel and/or dentin at some location distant from the actual point of loading. ÑCausative agent: Stress ÑStresses that lead to abfractions are transmitted by occlusal loading forces such as occlusal interferences, premature contacts, habits of bruxism and clenching.
ÑAbfraction
Clinical presentation of ______
Most commonly affected teeth: Canines and premolars
ÑCausative agents:
1) Improper use of dental floss,
2) chewing tobacco;
3) Biting on hard objects such as pens, pencils or pipe stems; opening hair pins with teeth; and biting fingernails.
4) Abrasion also can be produced by the clasps of partial dentures.
5) Occupational abrasion:
a) Tailors – sever thread with their teeth,
b) Shoemakers and upholsterers -hold nails between their teeth,
c) Glassblowers and musicians-play wind instruments.
Abrasion
Does erosion occur via bacteria?
No chemical only
______ as defined in GPT 9 as the progressive loss of tooth substance
by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action, producing
defects that are wedge-shaped depressions often in occlusal, facial
and cervical areas.
ÑCausative agent: Acids from external and internal sources
ÑExtrinsic factor:
1) Acidic foods such as citrus fruit, pickle, vinegar (acetic acid),
sucking lemons, fruit juice and carbonated drinks, yogurt, herbal
tea, spicy food.
2) Medicines such as effervescent and chewable vitamin C
preparations46 and hydrochloric acid for achlorhydria,
3) Occupational exposure to acid fumes (sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric,
and tartaric acids),
4) Swimming in acidic gas-chlorinated pools.
ÑSurface involved: Labial surface of maxillary teeth affected
ÑAppearance: Scooped-out depressions
Erosion
\: Is the joint action of stress and friction when teeth are in tooth-to-tooth contact, as in bruxism or repetitive clenching.
Attrition-Abfraction
\: Is the loss of tooth substance caused by friction from an external material on an area in which stress concentration due to loading forces may cause tooth substance to break away.
Abrasion-Abfraction
_______ is an Occlusal Parafunctional Habit
ÑMay be: Sleep bruxism or Awake bruxism
ÑIt is defined as the grinding of teeth during non functional movements
of the masticatory system: it is a mandibular parafunction
ÑMechanical wear resulting from bruxism often results in progressively
greater wear towards the anterior teeth (with open bite as exception)
ÑTwo etiological factors are:
ØStructural:
a. Occlusal interferences
b. Altered maxillo mandibular relationships
ØFunctional:
a. Stress
b. Children Brux
Bruxism
