Two Process Model

Question 1

The two process model

Answer 1

Focus is on learning behaviours
1. Acquired through classical conditioning
2. Maintained through operant conditioning

Question 2

Acquisition through classical conditioning

Answer 2

Neutral stimulus (no fear) -> No response
UCS (bitten) -> UCR (fear)
UCS + NS (dog) -> UCR (fear)
CS (dog) -> CR (fear)

Question 3

Maintenance by operant conditioning

Answer 3

Takes place when behaviour is reinforced/punished

Question 4

Negative reinforcement

Answer 4

Individual avoids a situation that is unpleasant this avoidment resulted in a desirable consequences so behaviour is repeated

Question 5

Strength of two process model

Answer 5

Real world application in exposure therapies e.g. systematic desensitisation
Once the avoidance behaviour is prevented it ceases to be reinforced

Question 6

Limitation of two process model

Answer 6

Does not account for the cognitive aspects
Explains avoidance behaviour but doesn’t offer an adequate explanation for phobic cognitions e.g. irrational beliefs

Question 7

Strength of two process model

Answer 7

Little albert study shows how a frightening experience involving a stimulus can lead to a phobia of that stimulus
Rat -> loud noise -> fear