TW Music History 1 Flashcards
Which tribe is primarily located in Hualien and Taitung?
Amis Tribe
Where does the Atayal Tribe primarily reside?
Mountainous areas on the western side of northern Taiwan’s Central Mountain Range
List two regions associated with the Saisiyat Tribe.
- Northern regions
- Central regions
What is the official recognition year of the Thao Tribe?
2001
Which tribe is also known as the Yami Tribe?
Tao Tribe
Identify the regions where the Rukai Tribe is found.
Western side of the southern Central Mountain Range
What is a common characteristic of instruments used in indigenous music?
Instruments made from bamboo, copper, or wood
What are two characteristics of indigenous music regarding instrument volume?
- Instruments with lower volume
- Predominantly solo instruments
Which tribe is known for using a double-piped nose flute to mimic a snake’s sound?
Paiwan Tribe
What is the purpose of the wooden xylophone in the Saisiyat Tribe?
Communicates messages and serves as accompaniment for celebratory dances
What are the three classifications of musical instruments based on sound generation principles?
- Percussion instruments
- Wind instruments
- String instruments
What materials are used to make the bow string instrument in the Amis tribe?
Bamboo and carved peach wood
Fill in the blank: The mouth harp is made from _______.
bamboo or metal
What are early uses of the mouth harp in society?
- Communication tool
- Accompaniment for dances
- Musical pastime
- Medium for ritual communication
Name two tribes that utilize the mouth harp.
- Truku Tribe
- Saisiyat Tribe
Who is known as the ‘Mother of Church Music in Taiwan’?
Mrs. William Gauld
What significant event occurred in 1876 in southern Taiwan related to church music?
Establishment of Tainan Theological College
Which missionary is associated with the northern churches and founded Tamsui Girls’ School?
Rev. George Leslie Mackay
List two notable musicians emerging from church schools in Taiwan.
- Chen Si-zhi
- Chou Qing-yuan
What percentage of Taiwan’s total population is made up of indigenous peoples?
2%
Where does the Amis Tribe predominantly reside?
Hualien County and Taitung County
They mainly live in plain towns, villages, and cities, with a few in Manzhou Township, Pingtung County.
What are the main areas where the Atayal Tribe is distributed?
Wulai District, New Taipei City; Datong Township, Yilan County; Fuxing Township, Taoyuan County; Jianshi Township, Hsinchu County; Taian Township, Miaoli County; Heping District, Taichung City; Ren’ai Township, Nantou County
They are distributed across a total of 8 townships.
Fill in the blank: The _______ Tribe is mainly distributed in Nantou County and has a significant presence in Hualien and Taitung Counties.
Bunun Tribe
Which tribe is known as Taiwan’s only maritime tribe?
Yami Tribe
Also called the Tao Tribe, they mainly reside in Lanyu Township.
What unique feature characterizes Atayal Tribe music?
Vocal music and instrumental music
Vocal music includes narrative ballads, traditional tunes, contemporary compositions, and children’s songs.
True or False: The Saisiyat Tribe’s Dwarf Spirit Festival includes a set of ritual songs that are only performed during the festival.
True
What is the primary instrument of the Bunun tribe?
Bow harp
The Bunun people call it la tuk and it is made from bamboo and iron string.
What type of musical structure is prominent in Paiwan music?
Four-note and five-note structures
Four-note structure: Do, Mi, Fa, Sol; Five-note structure: Do, Mi, Fa, Sol, La.
Where are the Hla’alua and Kanakanavu tribes primarily distributed?
Taoyuan District and Namaxia District, Kaohsiung City
Their populations are estimated between 500 and 1,000 people.
What significant song did Hu De-fu, known as the Father of Taiwanese Folk Music, write?
Beautiful Island
The song was banned during the martial law era.
Fill in the blank: The _______ Tribe is known for their flood myths and complex polyphonic singing methods.
Bunun Tribe
Which tribe’s songs include ‘Millet Harvest Prayer Song’ and are known for multipart harmony?
Bunun Tribe
What is the main theme of the songs sung during the Saisiyat Tribe’s Dwarf Spirit Festival?
Interactions between the dwarves and the Saisiyat people
The songs recount the dwarves’ teachings and pray for bountiful harvests.
What singing styles are observed in Tsou Tribe music?
Monophony and harmonies
Southern Tsou typically use monophony, while Northern Tsou use harmonies.
True or False: The Paiwan Tribe has a matrilocal marriage system.
True
What is the significance of the Five-Year Festival in Paiwan culture?
Grand ancestral rituals
It is held every five years to honor ancestral spirits.
What are the main dance props used in the Saisiyat Tribe’s Dwarf Spirit Festival?
Hip bells (tapangaSan)
Who is dubbed the ‘Father of Taiwanese Folk Music’?
A prominent figure in Taiwanese folk music known for his contributions to the Taiwan Indigenous Rights Movement
His song “Beautiful Island” was banned during the martial law era, yet he gained significant support.
What award did the song ‘Pacific Wind’ win in 2006?
Golden Melody Award for Best Lyricist and Best Song of the Year
What is the Rukai Tribe previously known as?
Tsarisens Tribe
What unique musical feature was discovered in Rukai songs according to Takemasa Kurosawa’s investigation?
Rare semi-tone melodies and diagonal harmonization
What is the significance of Great Ghost Lake (Dalubaling) in Rukai legends?
It is considered a sacred place of the spirit world and is associated with the legend of Balenge
What does ‘Ghost Lake’ refer to in Rukai culture?
Great Ghost Lake
What are the two main types of songs in Amis music?
Monophonic songs and polyphonic songs
What type of singing style is characteristic of Amis harvest festival songs?
Call-and-response singing style (reponsorium)
What is a notable feature of Amis polyphonic songs?
Lead male singer improvises a melody with others adding independent voices in free counterpoint
What famous song gained fame due to its use in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics advertisement?
Elders’ Drinking Song
What is the primary singing style of the Puyuma Tribe?
Monophonic
What is the significance of the Monkey Festival in Puyuma culture?
It is a training ritual for boys transitioning into adulthood
How do Tao Tribe songs differ from other musical traditions?
They do not use musical instruments and rely on vocal sounds
What is the Flying Fish Festival?
A festival involving stages of fishing rituals that coincide with the flying fish season
What is the Seediq Tribe recognized for?
Being the 13th officially recognized high mountain indigenous group in Taiwan
What type of song is uvas kmeki in Seediq culture?
Dance Song
What is the Sakizaya Tribe’s official recognition date?
January 17, 2007
What are the four categories of indigenous singing styles?
Monophonic Singing, Polyphonic Singing, Harmonic Singing, Heterophonic Singing
Which famous Amis musician’s singing was included in the song ‘Return to Innocence’?
Difang Tuwana
What is the notable work of Amis Tribe composer Lee Tai-hsiang?
The Olive Tree
What is the primary characteristic of Puyuma songs?
Emphasis on communal life and many nonsensical vowel-based filler words
Fill in the blank: The Rukai people call the Great Ghost Lake _______.
Dalupalringi
True or False: The Amis Tribe has songs related to the sea and fishing.
False
Who is Lee Tai-hsiang?
Amis Tribe Composer, famous for ‘The Olive Tree’
Lee Tai-hsiang (1941–) is a prominent figure in Amis music.
What is Van Fan’s birth name?
Fan Van (Lin Na-si)
Van Fan (1978–) is a well-known Amis singer.
In which movie did Van Fan play the male lead ‘Ajia’?
‘Cape No. 7’
His song ‘South of the Border’ won the 45th Golden Horse Award for Best Original Song.
What are some cultural elements of the Amis Tribe?
- Slate houses
- Nose flutes
- Social hierarchy: Chiefs, nobles, warriors, commoners
- Mythology: Clouded leopards, pottery jars, hundred-pace snakes, lilies
Who is Lu Cheng-chun?
Rukai Tribe Music Scholar and Composer
Notable for ‘Collected Rukai Songs’ and ‘Love of Ghost Lake’.
What is the legend of ‘Love of Ghost Lake’ about?
Great Ghost Lake (Dalubaling) and Small Ghost Lake (Bayo)
It includes characters Balen and Adaliuo.
Who is Rachel Liang?
Rukai Tribe Singer, nickname ‘Balenge’
Known for songs like ‘Love of Ghost Lake’ and appeared in ‘Cape No. 7’.
What is unique about the music of the Tao Tribe?
They rely on their chests and throats to produce sounds, as they do not have instruments
Singing is their primary method of emotional expression and communication with the gods.
What is the Flying Fish Festival?
Cultural event with rituals for flying fish capture
Myths tell of cooking practices and a dream guiding the proper preparation of flying fish.
What is the Seediq Tribe recognized for?
13th high-mountain indigenous group in Taiwan, recognized in 2008
They were originally classified as a branch of the Atayal Tribe.
What is the significance of the film ‘Seediq Bale’?
It depicts the Seediq people’s uprising against Japanese colonial rule
The title means ‘true person’ in Seediq language.
What are ‘uyas kmeki’?
Dance songs central to Seediq traditional rituals
Performed during events like headhunting and weddings.
What types of polyphonic singing styles are found among Taiwanese tribes?
- Fifth or Fourth Parallel Harmony (Bunun, Saisiyat)
- Drone Bass Harmony (Paiwan, Rukai, Amis)
- Round Singing (Atayal)
- Free Counterpoint Singing (Amis)
Fill in the blank: The Amis Tribe is primarily located in the _______.
plains, towns, and cities of Hualien County and Taitung County
They have some scattered groups in Pingtung County.
What are the two branches of the Tsou Tribe?
- Northern Tsou
- Southern Tsou (including Kanakanavu and Saaroa)
They reside in Alishan Township and Kaohsiung City.
What is the distribution of the Kavalan Tribe?
Originally from Yilan County, now scattered along coastlines of Hualien and Taitung Counties
They faced pressures from Han people and mountain natives.
What unique characteristic does the Yami Tribe’s music have?
It is closely tied to their living environment and relies on vocal sounds rather than instruments.
True or False: The Seediq and Truku peoples share a cultural origin.
True
They diverged due to differences in their residential locations.
What defines the ‘Lucidophyllus Cultural Belt’?
Represents the culture of the ‘Continental Branch’.
What is the estimated population of Taiwan’s indigenous peoples?
About 553,000, accounting for 2% of the total population.
What year was Yilan incorporated into the Qing Empire’s territory?
1810
What were the original settlements of the Kavalan people?
36 ‘Shou Fan’ villages, including Ketagalan villages
In which areas did the Kavalan people migrate in the 17th century?
Hualien and Taitung
What significant event occurred in the late 18th century affecting the Kavalan population?
Han immigrants began entering the Yilan area in large numbers
What is the cultural significance of Hualien and Taitung for the Kavalan people?
Areas where relatively intact culture and Kavalan language-speaking populations were preserved
Which period did Columbia and other record companies recruit numerous talented lyricists and composers?
1933 to 1939
Name three lyricists from the 1933-1939 period.
- Zhan Tianma
- Li Linqiu
- Zhou Tianwang
What are some examples of timeless classics from this period?
- Wang Chunfeng (Longing for the Spring Breeze)
- Yueye Chou (Moonlit Night Sorrow)
- Yuye Hua (Rainy Night Flower)
What was the emotional tone of most Taiwanese songs during the brief period of 1933-1939?
Sorrowful and melancholic
What was ‘Four Seasons Red’ originally titled?
‘Four Seasons Tune’
Who composed ‘Four Seasons Red’ and when?
Li Linqiu and Deng Liangxian in 1937
What does ‘Moonlit Night Sorrow’ depict?
Love between a man and a woman under moonlight
What is the connection between ‘Moonlit Night Sorrow’ and the Pingpu tribe?
The melody originated from the Pingpu tribe’s folk song ‘Na Amei’
Who was George Leslie Mackay?
A physician and Presbyterian missionary in Taiwan
What did the Japanization Movement aim to achieve?
Erase Taiwanese cultural identity
What were the restrictions placed on Taiwanese music during the Japanization Movement?
Performances of Taiwanese songs and other musical theater were banned
What was the ‘New Taiwanese Music Movement’?
A movement adapting popular song melodies with Japanese lyrics
What happened to the song ‘Looking at the Spring Breeze’ during World War II?
It was retitled ‘The Call of the Land’
Fill in the blank: The ‘Lament of the Moonlight’ was adapted into the military anthem called _______.
‘Wife of the Soldier’
What was the original title of ‘Flower in the Rainy Night’?
‘Spring’
When did the Nationalist government take over Taiwan?
1945
What significant event occurred in Taiwan in 1947?
The 228 Incident
What cultural changes occurred in Taiwan after the lifting of martial law in 1987?
Emergence of talent, diverse teaching methods, and varied performance content
What is suggested by the Siraya term ‘Tavoan’?
‘Place of intersection’
Match the historical periods of Taiwan music education with their respective years: Dutch Period, Japanese Rule, Post-Recovery Era.
Dutch Period (1624-1661), Japanese Rule (1895-1945), Post-Recovery Era (1946-1987)
True or False: The Japanese colonial government encouraged the preservation of Taiwanese cultural identity.
False
What role did George Leslie Mackay play in the introduction of modern-style churches in Taiwan?
He was instrumental in adopting Western-style education
