TutorW1

Question 1

UMN cell bodies where ?

Answer 1

brain

Question 2

LMN cell bodies where ?

Answer 2

Ventral horn of spinal cord

Question 3

Somatotopy of spinal gray matter

Answer 3

Truncal muscles medial to the extremity muscles, and flexor muscles are more central to the extensor muscles

Question 4

Lateral corticospinal tract innervates

Answer 4

LMN of the extremity muscles

Question 5

Anterior corticospinal tract innervates

Answer 5

LMN of truncal muscles

Question 6

Area 4

Answer 6

Motor coltex housing UMN cell bodies

Question 7

Area 6

Answer 7

Integration of sensation and movement

Question 8

Areas 5,7

Answer 8

Posterior Parietal lobe - the where pathway

Question 9

Supplemental Motor Area (SMA)

Answer 9

Will-driven movements, intention

Question 10

Motor unit

Answer 10

One motor neuron with a cell body in the ventral horn of the spinal cord, and all of the muscle fibers it innervates.

Question 11

Smallest unit of functional control, increment of tension?

Answer 11

The Motor Unit

Question 12

Type of motion yielded by healthy random distribution of slow and fast fibers ?

Answer 12

Smooth graded

Question 13

Clustering of slow and fast fibers, which is pathological will result in ?

Answer 13

Jerky movements

Question 14

Spontaeous AP, quivering muscles is indicative of ?

Answer 14

LMN lesion

Question 15

Signs of UPN lesion are ?

Answer 15

Increased motor WEAKNESS
Increased reflexes
Increased Tone

Question 16

Signs of LMN include

Answer 16

Increased motor WEAKNESS
Atrophy
Fasciculations
Increased reflexes 
Increased tone

Question 17

Characteristics of Type1 Fibers

Answer 17

1) Slow contraction speed
2) Fatigue resistance
3) Low force production
4) High use of aerobic enzymes
5) Low use of anaerobic enzymes
6) Small fiber diameter
7) Major storage fuel Triglycerides

Question 18

Characteristics of Type 2a Fibers

Answer 18

1) Fast contraction speed
2) Intermediate/low fatigue resistance
3) Intermediate force production
4) Intermediate/low aerobic enzymes
5) High anearobic enzymes
6) Intermediate fiber diameter
7) Major storage fuel: Creatine phosphate, glycogen

Question 19

Characteristics Type 2b fibers

Answer 19

1) Fast contraction speed
2) Low fatigue resistance
3) High force production
4) Low aerobic enzyme use
5) High anearobic enzymes
6) Large fiber diameter
7) Major storage fuel: Creatine phosphate, glycogen

Question 20

Force of muscle contraction depends on:

Answer 20

1) Rate code -temporal summation; speed faster = more force
2) Recruitment -spatial summation; recruitment of more units = more force due to stronger contraction
3) Size principal- the smaller units get recruited first and stop firing last as they have the lowest threshold.

Question 21

Dynamic nuclear bag fibers-

Answer 21

Sense change in length of muscle (velocity of muscle contraction), will change firing patter based on movement

Question 22

Static nuclear bag/chain fibers

Answer 22

Sense static length of muscle when muscle is not moving.

Question 23

Is it dynamic or static nuclear bag/chain fibers that are important for proprioception

Answer 23

Both are important for proprioception or the sense of the limbs in space

Question 24

Do static or dynamic discharge more when the muscle is stretched ?

Answer 24

They both discharge more when the muscle is stretched and not contracting.