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CardioPulm > Tutoring > Flashcards

Tutoring Flashcards

1
Q

Man hit in neck by frisbee has trauma to thoracic inlet. What structure could get injured?

A

Left vagus n

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2
Q

Which ribs articulate directly. With. Body of the sternum

A

2-7

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3
Q 
Rib 7 articulates. With which::
Inferior costal facet of t7
Inferior costal facet of t6
Superior costal facet of t8
Transverse process of T6
A

Inferior costal facet of t6

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4
Q

Sharp pain in 4th intercostal space right sternal border after a ball hit him in the chest. X ray reveals separation of rib 4. What joint is involved

A

4th costochondral joint

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5
Q

What kind of joint is costochondral joint

A

Synchondrosis

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6
Q

Aspirating a. Hot dog causes consolidation in which location

A

Right. Lower lobe (right side. Has a wider angle. Adn gravity takes it down to lower lobe)

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7
Q

Where is first location of gas exchange within airways

A

Respiratory bronchioles

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8
Q

Which is devoid of cartilage

Primary bronchus
Trachea
Segmental bronchi
Conducting bronchiole
Superior lobar bronchus
A

Conducting bronchiole

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9
Q

Collapsed right lung, and lacerated intercostal artery. What is CXR going to reveal?

A

Hemothorax

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10
Q

Pt comes in for follow up. After surgical repair of aneurysm on aortic arch. CC is pain at incision site but also has hoarseness to her voice what structure was likely damaged?

A

Left recurrent laryngeal n

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11
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus leads to shunt in which direction

A

Left to right

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12
Q

You need cardiac bypass. How can surgeon get to great vessels?

A

Through Transverse pericardial sinus

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13
Q

Right supraclavicular space stab wound. Knife only penetrated teh most superficial structure which is it

Subclavian artery
Subclavian vein
Brachial plexus
Internal thoracic artery

A

Subclavian vein

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14
Q

Sympathetic nervous system physiology has short preganglionic neurons that release what NT

A

Acetylcholine

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15
Q

Neuron in adrenal medulla pathway passes through sympathetic chain and then releases what NT

A

Ach

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16
Q

What type of cell. Do we. Synapse. On at the adrenal gland

A

Chromaffin. Cell

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17
Q

Sympathetics use acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors for what function

A

Stimulate sweat glands

18
Q

Bronchodilation is result of what sympathetic receptors

A

Beta 2 receptors on bronchiole smooth muscle

19
Q

Layers of tunica intima from lumen side out

A

Endothelium, subendothelium, basal lamina, internal elastic lamina

20
Q

What kind of collagen is located within tunica intima basal lamina layer

A

IV

21
Q

How do statins lower intracellular cholesterol levels

A

Mimics structure HMG-CoA and inhibits HMG-CoA reductase

22
Q

What receptors within the lungs (and with what afferent nerve) cause cough

A

Rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor , vagus nerve

23
Q

Whats FRC + IC

A

TLC

24
Q

How do you calculate alveolar minute ventilation

A

(Vt-Ds)*freq

25
Q

Cant control bowels, pH is 7.32, CO2 is 28, HCO3 is 14

Uremic acidosis
Loss of bicarb in feces
Ketoacidosis

A

Loss of bicarb in feces

26
Q

Which of the pressure graphs mimics air flow

A

Alveolar pressure

27
Q

Whats. The intrapleural pressure of a patient who. Has a collapsed lung

A

0

28
Q

Under what circumstances is. There positive intrapleural pressure

A

Coughing

29
Q

Balance between elastic recoil of the. Lungs. And the springing. Out of chest. Wall

A

Functional residual capacity

30
Q

What is FEV1/FVC ratio in asthma

A

Its an obstructive disease- LOW ratio

31
Q

What is FEV1/FVC ratio in emphysema

A

low (because the capacity is so HIGH and we have loss of elasticity of alveoli)

32
Q

What is FEV1/FVC ratio in pulmonary fibrosis

A

Normal or high (restrictive disease- we get less air in thus push less air out)

33
Q

Sequence of development of lung

A

Embryonic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, terminal sac

34
Q

After CO poisoning, hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Is. used why

A

To increase PaO2 at the tissues (problem with CO poisoning is risk of poisoning leading to tissue hypoxia)

35
Q

Why can stomach expand super. Far without bursting

A

High actin fiber density allows greater ability for structural. Rearrangement and decreased passive tension

36
Q

Where do we find fenestrated capillaries

A

Kidney, intestine, exocrine gland

37
Q

Where do we find discontinuous capillaries

A

Hematopoetic organs

38
Q

Where do we find continuous capillaries

A

Muscle, brain, peripheral nerves, exocrine glands

39
Q

Membrane bound granules containing precursor to ANF

A 
Atrial granules 
(ANF= atrial natriuretic factor)
40
Q

Small bodies that accumulate in non dividing cells like cardiac muscle. They contain material form residual bodies after lysosome digestion

A

Lipofuscin granules

CardioPulm (6 decks)

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